摘要:

AbstractTwo studies were conducted using the Buss aggression machine paradigm to investigate the mediational role of physical exercise with respect to subsequent aggression in relation to the presence or absence of previous instigation. The irritability level of subjects was taken into account in the first study, and the subject' emotional susceptibility level in the second study. In both studies sex differences were also considered so that each study resulted in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 design with ten subjects in each cell.As far as irritability is concerned, experimental subjects (pedaling on a bicycle ergonometer) delivered higher shocks than controls (who just waited out the 10 min the experimental subjects were pedaling), independent of irritability level or of the presence or absence of previous instigation.When emotional susceptibility was taken into consideration, physical exercise associated with high level of emotional susceptibility and previous instigation resulted in increased intensity of the shocks subsequently delivered.These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of stable personality characteristics that may differentially mediate aggressi

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<83::AID-AB2480120202>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intra‐ and interspecific aggressive behavior ofFormica polyctena, a species of theFormica rufagroup, was analyzed and quantified both in the laboratory and in the field. This behavior was used as a potential taxonomic tool for gaining a better understanding of the phyletic relationships among the species within the group. No overt aggression was recorded toward members of the same species. To examine interspecific relationships,F. polyctenawas first confronted withF. cunicularia, to ascertain its aggressiveness toward a distantly related species. All such encounters led immediately to overt and prolonged attacks with virtually no initial mutual inspection. This suggests that recognition of strangeness of the unrelated species is almost immediate inF. polyctena, as previously observed inF. lugubrisandF. rufatoward the same antagonist. Subsequently,F. polyctenawas contrasted withF. lugubrisandF. rufa(also belonging to theF. rufagroup) in order to compare these related species. Fierce attacks accompanied by all the elements of conflict behavior were observed in all encounters. Moreover, the degree of aggression in the field was higher than in laboratory‐paired ants, possibly because of a territorial effect. These data and our previous and similar research indicate that the relationships betweenF. lugubrisandF. rufaare closer than between these two species andF. polyctena. In considering different viewpoints on this problem, the validity of the aggression test is discussed and the opportunity to compare levels of aggressiveness among strictly sympatric samples of red wood ant species gathered from the same ecological environment are conside

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<93::AID-AB2480120203>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe connection between a genetic disposition for aggressive behavior and the odor signal system in male mice was studied. The males belonged to two strains of mice which have been developed by selective breeding for high‐ (TA) and low aggressiveness (TNA). Urine from the high aggressive strain (TA), when applied to castrates, stimulated the aggressiveness of NMRI males while TA‐soiled bedding suppressed their aggressiveness. In response to male odors from the low aggressive strain (TNA), the NMRI males showed quite contrasting reactions. The results provide evidences of a correlation between the hereditarily determined disposition for aggressive behavior and the odor signal system in TA‐ and TNA

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<103::AID-AB2480120204>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFamilial influences on aggressive behavior and TV viewing were investigated in a survey of adolescent siblings. Same‐sex siblings resembled one another in aggression (brothers, r = 0.59; sisters, r = 0.52) and in their exposure to violent TV programs; opposite‐sex siblings were dissimilar. Within individuals, the frequency of watching crime and action programs correlated nonsignificantly with aggression. Two other variables, however, were associated with aggression: identification with aggression and aggression consequences. These relationships also held up between families (BF, covariance of sibling' averages) and within families (WF, covariance of sibling' differences). The latter WF relationship indicated that one sibling was typically the more extreme on both aggression and its correlate than a brother or sister. These results were interpreted in light of behavioral genetic data that suggest substantial genetic influences, few common environmental influences, and large within‐family environmental influences on personality develo

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<111::AID-AB2480120205>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theory relating aggression and the pitch of vocalizations [Ohala, 1983, 1984] predicts that the expression of anger in humans should have a low pitch; however, experimentally anger is found to have a high pitch. A possible resolution of this discrepancy is that there are two different prosodic expressions of anger, one with low pitch and one with high pitch. To investigate this possibility, 27 different expressions of the phrase “Don't do that” were tape‐recorded. Subjects first rated how angry each utterance sounded and then categorized each utterance as expressing either frustration, threat, disgust, advice, or emotional neutrality. Some utterances were rated as angry and categorized as frustration; other utterances were also rated as angry, but categorized as threat. Frustration correlated with higher fundamental frequency (F0). Threat did not correlate with lower F0, but it correlated with lower perceived

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<121::AID-AB2480120206>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the relatively long‐term effects of repeated exposure to violent and nonviolent pornography on male' laboratory aggression against women. Self‐reported likelihood of raping was also assessed as an individual differences variable that might mediate susceptibility to the effects of pornography and to ascertain whether it predicted actual aggressive behavior. Subjects were randomly assigned to the sexually violent, sexually nonviolent, or control exposure conditions. Those assigned to the sexually violent or sexually nonviolent conditions were exposed over a four‐week period to ten stimuli including feature‐length films and written and pictorial depictions, whereas control subjects were not exposed to any stimuli. About a week following the end of the exposure phase, subjects participated in what they believed to be a totally unrelated experiment in which aggression was assessed within a Buss paradigm. Exposure to the violent or nonviolent pornographic stimuli was not found to affect laboratory aggression. These data are discussed in terms of a recent analysis of media effects emphasizing the temporary activation of ideas in audience' minds. Likelihood of raping ratings was found to predict laboratory agg

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<129::AID-AB2480120207>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNaive male brown lemmings were paired with the same opponent for 10 min/day for 11 consecutive days. Males of a control group were placed in an empty arena for the same period. There was no decrement in the incidence of attack and chase by dominant males in pairs showing stable dominant‐subordinate relations. Subsequently, seminal vesicles of dominant animals were heavier than those of subordinate, control and “no rank” (pairs in which no clear‐cut dominance relations were established) animals. Dominant animals also had greater mean testis weights and higher plasma testosterone levels than subordinates. Adrenal weights did not differ significantly between the various groups. Among dominant males there were significant positive correlations between plasma testosterone levels, testis and seminal vesicle weights, and attack and chase scores. These results suggest that many of the physiological correlates of dominance status reported in previous studies in which subjects were group housed are also observed when contact between naive individuals is limited to brief enc

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<139::AID-AB2480120208>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<149::AID-AB2480120209>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:2<::AID-AB2480120201>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY