摘要:

AbstractSocial behavior, aggression, and copulation were studied in six groups of two males and two females each in seven species of muroid rodents (Clethrionomys gapperi, Microtus montanus, M ochrogaster, M pennsylvanicus, Peromyscus eremicus, P leucopus, andP polionotus) in a seminatural enclosure. Data were compared to those from an earlier study withP maniculatustested under identical conditions. There were appreciable species differences in levels of both aggressive and sexual behavior; the two were not significantly correlated. Although levels of aggression did not appear well correlated with reports of social structure in the field, patterns of weight loss and litter production during the study did appear correlated. In general, levels of copulatory behavior appeared weakly correlated with factors previously proposed as predictors of polygamous mating systems; levels of aggressive behavior were better correlated with taxonomy.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<207::AID-AB2480090302>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo longitudinal studies were conducted to quantify the social behaviors exhibited by both male and female Long‐Evans rats from the immediate postweaning period until young adulthood. In Experiment 1, male sibling pairs engaged in a high level of play fighting during the early juvenile period but such activity declined to a level significantly lower than that of female and mixed‐sex pairs after 54 days of age. In Experiment 2, social exchanges during maturation were examined during the presence and absence of the piloerection response in an effort to distinguish play fighting from agonistic interactions. In male pairs, piloerection was rarely seen before 55–75 days of age but thereafter occurred with increasing frequency especially among dominant males. Furthermore, subordinate males retreated from their dominant partners and remained in an escape chamber for a significant amount of time only during encounters involving the exhibition of piloerection. This finding suggests that piloerection can be useful in identifying play and aggressive interactions. In female and heterosexual pairs, piloerection was observed infrequently during social encounters occurring throughout maturation. In addition, when given the opportunity to escape, females were less likely to retreat from play activity if their partner was another female than a

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<217::AID-AB2480090303>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships between environmental events and aggression are briefly reviewed. Response‐independent pain is a fundamental antecedent environmental cause of attack. Aggression‐contingent pain decrease causes further attack strengthening, while pain increase following aggression can decrease attack and foster escape and avoidance behavior. Recent experiments that have questioned the pain‐aggression relation and proposed, in the alternative, a pain‐defense relationship are discussed. It is argued that this contradiction results from observational difficulties in naturalistic settings, discordance between field and laboratory terminology, substitution of behavioral taxonomy in the place of functional analysis, incomplete understanding of previous findings, and an absence of essential experimental control obser

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<229::AID-AB2480090304>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe social behavior of same‐sex pairs of nursery school children was observed during two ten‐minute play sessions. One half of the pairs played alone during both sessions, and the remaining pairs played in the presence of a passive adult supervisor. Child pairs who played alone were significantly less aggressive and exhibited a moderate but nonsignificant increase in the expression of positive or prosocial behaviors. Unsupervised pairs also tended to verbalize more and engaged in significantly more cooperative play. The absence of adults may encourage children to employ more mature social strategies to achieve a successful relationship with their playma

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<243::AID-AB2480090305>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCohabitation with a pregnant cagemate tends to stimulate aggression of a pregnant mouse as well as a nonpregnant (but mated) female resident mouse toward male intruders [Buhot‐Averseng and Goyens, 1981]. An illustration of these results provided by three measures of aggressiveness is proposed, using a new type of simple geometric graph. These graphs allow an easy comparison between the measures used and between the different experimental groups with regard to both of the following factors: (1) mating and pregnancy in the subject, and (2) presence and pregnancy of a cagemat

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<253::AID-AB2480090306>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the relationships between mousekilling and conspecific aggression, behavioral variables of killer and nonkiller rats were compared in a “resident‐intruder” paradigm, in resident as well as in intruder animals. The occurrence of offensive items (offensive sideways, attack) was significantly higher in killer rats when they were residents; their corresponding opponents displayed more defensive behaviors. No significant difference in aggressive behaviors was noted when the comparison was done in the intruders. These results and those of previous studies suggest that there is a correlation between mousekilling and intraspecific offensive behaviors. Some similarities in the situations where both behaviors are elicited–eg, introduction of an unfamiliar intruder into a familiar environment–may contribute to the existence of such a correlation and the possibility of common mechanisms underlying both behaviors is

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<259::AID-AB2480090307>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<269::AID-AB2480090308>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<270::AID-AB2480090309>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<272::AID-AB2480090310>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:3<277::AID-AB2480090311>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY