摘要:

AbstractThe Moral Approval of Aggression Inventory (MAAI) and Bem's Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) were administered to three experimental groups: officer trainees ( = OTs, n = 48), conscientious objectors to military service ( = COs, n = 35), and to a group of women of comparable age (n = 32). Aggression was mostly approved of among OTs and the least among COs, the women scoring in the middle somewhat closer to OTs. Differences in choice of sex role identity emerged, so that OTs often chose a masculine sex role, while for COs, the choice of an androgynous role was the most frequent one. Women chose feminine and androgynous roles with equal frequency. Moral approval of aggression could not be explained on the basis of sex role identification. The strongest determinator of moral approval of aggression was the choice of refusal to engage in military service.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<303::AID-AB2480140502>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relation between aggression and peer social status was investigated in a group of 238 third‐through fifth‐grade children. Peer social status refers to the degree to which a child is accepted by his or her peer group. By asking children to nominate peers they “like most” and “like least,” one can identify children who are popular, rejected, neglected, or viewed as average within their peer group. Results indicated low to moderate correlations between peer‐nominated aggression and global indices of social acceptance. More specifically, it was found that aggressive children largely comprised the rejected and average social status groups, but not the popular or neglected groups. Furthermore, analyses indicated that according to both peers and teachers, aggressive/rejected children showed academic and social‐skill deficits, whereas aggressive children of average peer status exhibited adequate adjustment similar to that of nonaggressive/average‐status children. These results suggest the importance of considering peer social status when identifying aggressive children in need of intervention and in determining which skill deficits to address. In addition, knowledge of an aggressive child's peer status might be useful in enhancing the predictability of

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<315::AID-AB2480140503>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaboratory research has shown that alcohol and aggression are related and that the consumption of distilled as opposed to brewed beverages results in more aggression. A field experiment was conducted in which confederates approached 38 males who had been drinking only brewed or only distilled beverages, and asked them four annoying questions. Responses were recorded, transcribed and rated using a rank ordered scoring method. Results confirmed the prediction of more aggressive responses from the distilled beverage consuming group but findings failed to show a dose effect. The results demonstrate the viability and value of field research in this area and help to elucidate the role of alcohol in aggression.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<325::AID-AB2480140504>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the effects of objective social stressors on violent crime have been studied extensively, the effects of subjective perception of stress factors have been neglected in criminological research. The present study investigates the relationship between the subjective perception of external stress factors and homicide and robbery rates, within a stress model according to which the probability of violence as a reaction to stress will increase when social support systems fail or malfunction. In the present context, subjective perception of social stress is conceived as expressions of worry or dissatisfaction regarding cardinal life domains such as the economic, security, or political situation. Support systems are defined here in terms of national solidarity, which is expressed as positive (or improved) attitudes regarding the relations between various segments of the population. The data regarding the subjective indicators were derived from continuing surveys of representative samples of urban Israeli population during the years 1967–1985. Fourteen stress indicators and two solidarity indicators were included. The periods covered range from less than 4 years to more than 16 years. The theoretical model was generally supported by the findings: both homicide and robbery were found to be related to most of the stress indicators as predicted. The two solidarity indicators were in line with the model in respect of robbery but not homicide. The consistency of the findings with the model is particularly noteworthy in view of the great variation among the independent variables regarding the number of observations and periods of time covered. Some theoretical implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions are made for future researc

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<337::AID-AB2480140505>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMales of two species of freshwater fish (convict cichlids and Italian freshwater gobies) fought with conspecifics and subsequently remained near the visual and spatial cues that had been paired with those social encounters. These data show that postfight preference for combat sites is a phenomenon of some generality among teleosts. The likely role of learning in establishing postfight preferences for the locales of aggression is discussed.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<363::AID-AB2480140506>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttempts were made to determine whether modification of agonistic behavior by experience differs in the sexes and if so, whether testosterone is involved in this response. Gonadectomized male and female CPB‐S3 (Tryon Maze Dull) rats were treated with testosterone propionate (TP, 250 μg) or vehicle and subjected to tests in which they became either winners or losers. S3 males and females were tested against Long Evans rats to become losers or against Wistar rats to become winners. Subsequently, S3 winners were tested against losers. In addition, winners and losers were tested against naive S3 opponents of the same sex. After varied agonistic experiences, all animals were tested for social preference in a situation in which they could choose between their respective opponents without the possibility of social interaction. Thereafter, they were also exposed to a two‐choice passive avoidance learning procedure to see if the behavioral effects of aggressive interactions generalized to nonsocial learning. Males and females reacted differently to winning or losing, the presence of testosterone being a critical factor in the manifestation of this sex difference. Relatively permanent effects on aggressive and other behaviors were only established in TP‐treated males. Losing experiences in the social‐preference test generally led to a slight preference for naive, less aggressive animals. Testosterone‐treated male losers, the group expected to be most vulnerable to generalized inhibition and impairment of learning, did not differ from other categories in the two‐choice passive avoidance procedure, although marked differences were observed between the sexes and between testosterone and oil‐t

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<371::AID-AB2480140507>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<389::AID-AB2480140508>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<392::AID-AB2480140509>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<395::AID-AB2480140510>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:5<401::AID-AB2480140511>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY