摘要:

AbstractMaternal views on aggressive behavior in their children were investigated in Japan and Israel. Sixty Japanese and 60 Israeli mothers of kindergarten children were interviewed individually about their children's fighting and quarreling. The findings indicate that both Japanese and Israeli mothers disapprove of their children's aggression on the basis of their value system, but their views of the same aggressive behavior differ considerably; Japanese mothers consider aggression among children as natural; aggression is a fact of life which has its constructive as well as destructive aspects, but it should be kept under control in order not to cause harm to others. Israeli mothers consider their children's aggression to be dangerous both for the child and for the relationship with the opponent. It is approved as a reaction to assault, mainly in self‐defense and considered caused by emotions, tension, and lack of self‐control. Thus, aggression is perceived by Japanese mothers as a natural and necessary aspect of development, while Israeli mothers perceive the same behaviors as justified mainly as reactions to assault or provocation and as expressing negative emotional states. © 1992 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<263::AID-AB2480180402>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferences in physical aggression among 114 male !Kung San (bushmen) from Namibia were investigated with regard to sex hormone levels, body dimensions, consumption of alcohol, and degree of acculturation. Subjects were classified from injuries resulting from prior conflicts with mutual physical aggression between the opponents as either violent or nonviolent. The comparison of mean sex hormone values (total serum testosterone, Tser; serum 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, DHT; serum estradiol 17β, E2; “free,” non‐SHBG‐bound salivary testosterone, Tsal) and hormone ratios (Tsal/Tser; DHT/Tser) did not yield any significant differences between the violent and nonviolent group. However, correlation coefficients of sex hormone levels with the frequency of violent behavior within the group of physically aggressive San men were significantly positive for DHT, Tsal, and Tsal/Tser(P<.05) while Tser, E2, and DHT/Tsershowed only weak positive correlations. Moreover, the violent men exhibit higher mean values in certain measures of physical robustness which may point to a possible pathway of indirect androgen action on human aggression. When the probands were classified according to their drinking habits, usually abstinent men had shown significantly less violent behavior in the past than men who habitually cons

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<271::AID-AB2480180403>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavior of male NIH Swiss mice of various body weights in the resident‐intruder test of aggression was investigated. Mice were housed individually for 10 days prior to the test, and allocated to six groups. In the first three groups body weights of residents and group‐housed intruders were matched, and the animals were divided into light, average, or heavy groups. In the last three groups weights of the intruder mice were either matched with the residents, or intruders were lighter or heavier than the residents. We found that light residents spent significantly less time in aggressive behaviors and longer time in defensive behaviors than the other two groups. The heavy mice showed most social investigation. The body weights of intruders were also shown to affect the behavior in the test: those residents which had light opponents spent a longer time in aggressive behavior than those which had matched or heavy opponents. The resident mice with heavy opponents showed most defensive behaviors. To study whether pharmacological manipulation may have different effects on behavior in the resident‐intruder test in mice having different weights, animals of light, average, and heavy body weight received a low dose (0.8 g/kg) of ethanol 30 min prior to the test. We did not note any effect of ethanol on aggressive behavior in the three groups. The results suggest that body weight plays a significant role in determining the level of aggression and defensive behaviors in the resident‐intrud

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<281::AID-AB2480180404>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCastrated Wistar rats were isolated for 8 months and their muricidal behavior was investigated. Significantly fewer (35%) of such rats became muricidal (CM) compared to controls. The steady‐state levels of 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA, DA, DOPAC, and NE, as well as the changes in synthesis or utilization rats of 5‐HT and DA, were analyzed in 15 brain areas derived from CM rats and non‐muricidal (CNM) control subjects. In CM rats, higher 5‐HT levels were recorded in 5 areas considered to be involved in muricidal behavior: raphe, amygdala, olfactory tubercles, olfactory bulbs, and striatum. The alterations of serotonergic neurotransmission in castrated muricidal rats differ strikingly from those observed in non‐castrated muricidal rats. An increase of 5‐HT level and in the 5‐HT synthesis index as well as a lower 5‐HT utilization index were recorded in the raphe of CM rats. Our data suggest that the decrease of 5‐HT levels generally said to be the main alteration in the muricidal rat's brain has to be reconsidered. Increased DA levels were observed in CM rats: raphe (50%), amygdala, olfactory tubercles, striatum, and septum (40%), while DA was decreased in cortical areas. There were slight increases of DA synthesis indices in the septum, olfactory tubercles and striatum with a decreased utilization index in the olfactory tubercles. Few alterations in NE levels were observed in CM rats: a decrease in the olfactory tubercles, superior colliculus, and striatum and an increase in temporal cortex. The monoaminergic alterations correlate with the modulation of muricidal behavior. Some areas (the olfactory tubercles, raphe, striatum, and temporal cortex) seem to be particularly involved.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<289::AID-AB2480180405>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparisons of tactics of fighting between species are often difficult to make since the body targets attacked may differ. Thus it becomes difficult to assess whether differences in fighting tactics are due to species‐specific differences in the tactics themselves or due to the different targets attacked. A solution to this problem is to analyse the tactics of a species that attacks different targets under different circumstances. In this way, differences in tactics can be more readily attributed to differences in targets. In this study, resident male northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) were tested against intruding male conspecifics and against laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Conspecifics were mainly bitten on the lower dorsum, whereas prey were bitten and killed by bites to the nape of the neck. Therefore, it was possible to analyze the tactics of attack by grasshopper mice when attacking different body targets. For example, in order to defend the lower dorsum and the nape, both intruding conspecifics and prey adopted an upright defensive posture. Resident grasshopper mice used the lateral attack tactic to gain access to the lower flanks but not the nape. This illustrates that the lateral attack tactic is not merely a tactic suitable for overcoming the upright defense tactic, but is used in this context only when the target attacked is on the opponent's posterior dorsum. Such withinpecies comparison enables the identification of the contextual rules which govern the use of fighting tactics. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<301::AID-AB2480180406>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<317::AID-AB2480180407>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<318::AID-AB2480180408>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<321::AID-AB2480180409>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:4<::AID-AB2480180401>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY