摘要:

AbstractFour hundred seventy residents of Ridgewood, New Jersey, and 493 residents of Jyväskylä, Finland, were randomly selected and interviewed about their attitudes concerning nuclear war. In both areas, a high proportion of the samples believed that some kind of nuclear incident is likely in the next decade. The vast majority stated that a nuclear war could not be won and that they expected to die in the event of war. About three fourths in both communities seldom discuss nuclear issues with anyone including their own children, and only one fourth of the U.S sample and about one half of the Finnish sample have ever done anything personally to oppose the arms race. About one half of the Americans and three fourths of the Finns said that the United States was not doing everything possible to prevent nuclear war, and many in both groups favored disarmament. Males in both groups were more likely to believe that nuclear war is winable and survivable. “Survivalists” and “activists” differed on many key questions. Other issues are discussed, particularly with reference to numerous recent studies concerning nuclear attitudes. Also discussed is the issue of advocacy research and the role of the behavioral sciences in dealing with the nucle

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<155::AID-AB2480120302>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman infant transfers filmed in West New Guinea and stored in the archives of Max‐Planck Geselschaft are formally described and analyzed relative to reports of similar behavior from nonhuman primates in laboratory and field studies.Motor patterns directed from one individual to another were discriminated and grouped into five categories of behavior ordered according to their relative likelihoods of “damaging aggression” [Fagen, American Naturalist, 115:858–869, 1980]. Transfers generally occurred between two females of different reproductive conditions. Most interactions were directed from the holder of the infant to the infant, demonstrating that the infant is the recipient of most nondamaging as well as potentially damaging behavior. While transfers are characterized by “aggressive restraint,” the least damaging behavior is most likely to precede a transfer and may function to prolong the relative duration of infant holding. Behavior with a relatively high likelihood of damage to the infant by the infant holder is as likely to occur before as after transfer, suggesting that infant transfer behavior in this human society reflects competitive interactions among ad

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<167::AID-AB2480120303>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of group size on agonistic behaviour of “white” red deer stags (Cervus elophusL.) of different ranks in the hierarchy was examined during artificial feeding. Size of the social group was dependent on the season in the year and on age and general rank within the whole bachelor group inhabiting the enclosure of the stags. Group size differentially affected the behaviour of the stags according to the rank of the individual in the particular groups. Increased group size resulted in increased agonistic activity in top‐ranking stags. The number of attacks directed towards bottom‐ranking stags by other group members was also elevated. Stags of intermediate rank position showed a decrease in the number of interactions involved and a suppression of agonistic a

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<175::AID-AB2480120304>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolitical symbologists generally concur that the use of symbols by regimes and citizens often leads to favorable outcomes for the manipulators. However, the various impacts of the different politcal contents, or “messages,” within the symbolic containers, or “media,” have gone unstudied. Thus, a major theoretical question arises: Do all messages of political symbols have similar political outcomes? The present investigation examines the impact of the various political contents of symbols manipulated by protest groups during demonstrations in the U.S.S.R. The findings suggest that the higher the politicality of the symbolic content, the fewer the concessions and the greater the repressions meted out to demonstrators by Soviet regime officials. Thus, although a deprived citizen group can obtain favorable regime policies through the political use of symbols, it might benefit most by depoliticizing their

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<183::AID-AB2480120305>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterspecific aggression among captive female ungulates was investigated. Asymmetries in fighting abilities proved to be good predictors of relative levels of aggression between different pairs of species. The resource under dispute also influenced the nature of aggressive encounters. The results of this study were discussed in the light of game theory.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<197::AID-AB2480120306>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuricidal behavior induced in rats by social isolation or by olfactory bulb ablation was blocked following IP administration of serotonin (5–HT) agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT and 5‐MeODM and by 5‐HT uptake inhibitors, fluoxetine and indalpine. Among uptake inhibitors, although fluoxetine has a higher IC50and a higher Ki, it is apparently more efficient than indalpine. The 5‐HT agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT, acting at a putative 5‐HT1Areceptor, appears more efficient on muricidal inhibition than 5‐MeODM, at a much lower dosage. It is highly probable that 5‐HT1Areceptor rather than 5‐HT1Bis involved in the antimuricidal effect of serotonin‐mimetic drugs. Since 5‐HT mimetic drugs blocked mouse‐killing behavior of bulbectomized rats, we suggest that in the sequence of events in muricidal inhibition 5‐HT circuits participate after gabaergic

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<201::AID-AB2480120307>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this series of studies was to provide a detailed description of aggression in hamsters during pregnancy, on the day of parturition, in the presence or absence of pups, and during the estrous cycle. In the initial experiment, intrasexual aggression was examined on days 1, 4, 6, 12, 13, and 15 of pregnancy and on the day of parturition. Measures of aggression during the 10 min home cage tests included the number of attacks, fights, chases, and intruder retreats. Aggression was low during early pregnancy, significantly increased between days 4–12, and steadily declined until day 15, when levels of aggression were as low as those occurring during early pregnancy and among cycling controls. Animals tested on the day of parturition were significantly more aggressive than animals tested 24 hr prepartum, animals in early pregnancy, and cycling control animals.The second experiment showed that the high levels of aggression occurring on the day of parturition were significantly decreased when pups were immediately removed at parturition and females were tested 6–8 hr later.The last experiment examined intrasexual aggression in female hamsters during the estrous cycle. Four different groups of animals corresponding to the 4 days of the cycle were tested. Although peak levels were reached on diestrus days 1 and 2 and low levels of aggression occurred during proestrus and vaginal estrus, no significant differences were fo

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<213::AID-AB2480120308>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<223::AID-AB2480120309>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<225::AID-AB2480120310>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:3<229::AID-AB2480120311>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY