摘要:

AbstractA sample of Chinese children in Grade 4 (155 boys and 135 girls with an average age of 10.3 years) completed Olweu' Aggression Inventory, an instrument developed for the assessment of aggressive and aggression controlling behavior tendencies in a Western culture. Results indicated that the questionnaire gave quite meaningful information when used with the Chinese children. Two interpretable factors, general aggression and aggression control, were derived; the pattern of factor loadings was essentially the same for boys and girls. The internal consistency reliabilities of the two factor scales were in the 0.80s and 0.70s, respectively. Overall, the findings indicated that there were distinct measurable individual differences among Chinese children in the domain of aggression—in spite of strong societal pressures against aggressive behavior and towards aggression control. However, some results suggested that aggression was a somewhat more global, or less differentiated, phenomenon for the Chinese as compared with the Swedish children. The two main factor scales were related meaningfully to other self report dimensions such as positive attitude to school and negative relations with parents. In all probability, the pattern of findings gave a valid picture of the behavior and attitudes of the Chinese children: By and large they were nonaggressive, well‐behaved, ambitious, friendly, prosocial, and exerted strong control over aggressive feelings and behavior tendencies. In possible conflicts with adults, they were likely to take a humble and submissive attitude. These findings agree well with the impressions of Western observers and with what can be expected on the basis of the typical socialization patterns found in the People's Republic of China. Furthermore, quite marked sex differences in aggression were obtained and a partial correlation analysis showed that the higher aggression level of the boys could only to a very limited degree be explained by their lower level of aggression control or inhibitions. Generally, the sex differences in aggression were interpreted to reflect genetic variations in basic predispositions in boys and girls that had been subtly enlarged by more or less clear, sex‐linked differences in environmental condi

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<315::AID-AB2480120502>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTaxonomies of aggressive behavior have largely been based upon social scientist' common sense or theoretical notions of forms of aggression and have received no formal empirical testing. In the present study, college students nominated a pool of real‐life aggressive episodes which they had observed or in which they had been involved. A representative sample of 24 of these situations were given back to a subset of the subjects who were asked to sort them into meaningful groups on the basis of perceived similarity. This technique allowed subjects to generate subclasses of aggressive behavior without cueing from the experimenter in the form of provided rating scales. The results were analyzed by means of Takane's IDSORT multi‐dimensional scaling package and by cluster analysis. Both techniques revealed that the major dimensions and groupings were in terms of verbal‐physical form, familiar other‐strangers, and equity‐victimization. Comparison with results from Forgas et al's [1980] study suggests that contextual, form, and social judgment dimensions may be central in subject' categoric

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<327::AID-AB2480120503>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatterns of breeding cycle aggressive behavior were examined in colonies of domesticated zebra finches (Poephila guttata). Aggressive behaviors of zebra finch pairs were low during non‐nesting periods but were maintained at high levels during the three nesting periods: the incubating, hatching, and nestling periods. Defense of the nest site was the prominent functional category of aggression, followed by defense of individual distance. Defense of mate, defense of young, and defense of nesting material rarely occurred. Male and female members of pair bonds shared the duties of defense of the nest site and parental care. During observation times males exhibited greater frequencies of aggressive actions throughout the breeding cycle and females spent a greater amount of time in the nest during the three nesting periods. The pattern and functional categories of aggressive behavior in the zebra finch colonies correspond most closely to the nest site defense hypothesis for the evolution of breeding season aggressio

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<337::AID-AB2480120504>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAggressive and sexual behavior was studied in 5‐minute paired encounters between testosterone‐treated castrated boars and estrogen‐treated ovariectomized gilts. The boars were either 15 kg heavier (N = 6), or lighter (N = 6), than the gilts (N = 8). Tests were carried out over a 4‐week period, during which time each boar was paired once with each gilt; the procedure was replicated over a further 4 weeks. Gilts usually initiated the aggression, especially in the first 4‐week period; however, the degree of aggression was positively correlated with body size, irrespective of sex. Aggression was reduced in the second 4‐week period in both sexes in tests with large, but not with small, boars. Large boars were more sexually active than small boars, and their sexual performance improved markedly with time, unlike that of the small boars. Champing was positively correlated with aggression duration in pigs of both sexes, and salivation was seen more often in boars

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<349::AID-AB2480120505>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine whether male and female mice, selectively bred for high (TA) and low (TNA) aggressiveness, react in different ways when exposed to odors from males of the same strains. The effects of losing or winning fights on odor preferences in the TA males were also studied. The low aggressive TNA males were found to avoid areas soiled by the highly aggressive TA males. The TA males, on the other hand, were most interested in the areas soiled by other highly aggressive TA males. Along with decreasing aggressiveness, losing fights radically changed the odor preferences of the TA males, the soiled bedding from winner TA males now having a strong aversive effect. TNA females preferred the odors of TA males, while the TA females preferred the odors of TNA males. The genotype of the receiver of odor cues is important for the preference choices; this effect can, however, be changed through experience.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<359::AID-AB2480120506>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐eight male social drinkers participated in a study designed to test the interaction between prevailing mood and alcohol on aggressive behavior in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Half of the subjects underwent a positive mood‐induction procedure, while the other half underwent a negative mood‐induction procedure. Within each of these conditions, one‐third of the subjects received 1.32 ml/kg of 95% ethanol, one‐third received placebo drinks, and the rest remained sober. Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Buss aggression machine. Results indicated that subjects receiving alcohol were significantly more aggressive than placebo or sober subjects. The mood‐induction procedure, while significantly altering affect, did not affect aggressive responding. These findings are discussed with respect to levels of blood‐alcohol and alcohol‐agg

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<367::AID-AB2480120507>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined social behavior between pairs of unfamiliar lactating females, with litters of the same age, at different periods after parturition (3, 7, and 17 days). Tests were generally followed by the formation of communal rearing nests, and subsequent maternal attack on intruders of differing sex was assessed. In all three intervals lactating females showed ritualized attack with formation of clear dominance‐subordination relationships before combining litters into communal nests. The dominant females in 90% of cases started to retrieve alien pups into their nests. Agonistic behavior and communal nest formation were most rapid when pups were around 3 days old.Maternal attack on conspecific intruders was mainly displayed by the dominant lactating females. Male and female intruders were equally attacked (in terms of frequency and intensity of attack), but there was less such aggression when pups were around 17 days of age. Nevertheless the topography of biting attack employed against female and male conspecific intruders was different. Females were attacked using a strategy avoiding bites to the head and ventral surface (indicative of “offensive” behavior) whereas males were severely bitten on vulnerable body regions (indicative of “defensive”

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<377::AID-AB2480120508>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<387::AID-AB2480120509>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1986)12:5<::AID-AB2480120501>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY