摘要:

AbstractTwo aspects of the ethological approach outlined by Tinbergen [(1963): Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20:410–433] are considered in relation to the way psychologists have studied human aggression. These aspects are the provision of a sound descriptive base and the application of the principle of natural selection. Description requires more than cataloging, and is best aided by quantitative data. Three examples from aggression research are used to illustrate problems generated by lack of attention to these principles: 1) imitation of aggression by children, 2) pain‐induced aggression in rats and 3) measures of spousal violence. The principle of natural selection can be used to re‐interpret existing data sources and to generate new ones. Darwinian and social psychological accounts of homicide are contrasted to indicate different conclusions and different emphases generated by the two approaches. The extension of the Darwinian approach to provide a theoretical basis for female aggression is also considered. © 1995 Wiley‐

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<243::AID-AB2480210402>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA role‐playing study on anger was conducted in order to identify the influence of sex hormones on individual and gender differences in irritation, anger arousal, and aggression. Different groups were studied: female‐to‐male and male‐to‐female transsexuals, with either group tested after 3 months of cross‐sex hormone treatment, and untreated control women and men. All subjects were exposed to a 35‐min videotape of an individual tested in an aversive, physically stressful, and frustrating situation in the laboratory. While watching, subjects were asked to imagine being in the same situation. Meanwhile, cardiovascular responses were registered and the intensity of moods and aggressive behaviour were assessed. Apart from a clear effect upon cardiovascular arousal and anger‐related moods, there were also some interesting differences between the four groups, the most interesting one being a stronger aggressive response in the female‐to‐male transsexuals. Furthermore, interesting information was gathered with respect to the issue of whether role‐playing and actual experimentation provide valid tests of anger and aggression in real life.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<257::AID-AB2480210403>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA familicide is a multiple‐victim homicide incident in which the killer's spouse and one or more children are slain. National archives of Canadian and British homicides, containing 109 familicide incidents, permit some elucidation of the characteristic and epidemiology of this crime. Familicides were almost exclusively perpetrated by men, unlike other spouse‐killings and other filicides. Half the familicidal men killed themselves as well, a much higher rate of suicide than among other uxoricidal or filicidal men. De facto unions were overrepresented, compared to their prevalence in the populations‐at‐large, but to a much lesser extent in familicides than in other uxoricides. Stepchildren were overrepresented as familicide victims, compared to their numbers in the populations‐at‐large, but to a much lesser extent than in other filicides; unlike killers of their genetic offspring, men who killed their stepchildren were rarely suicidal. An initial binary categorization of familicides as accusatory versus despondent is tentatively proposed. © 1995 Wil

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<275::AID-AB2480210404>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOffensive, defensive, and nonagonistic social behaviors of resident male mice toward unfamiliar intruders were examined during exposure to the novel odors of chocolate or sheep's wool. Both novel odors reduced lateral attacks and boxing when compared to familiar sawdust odor. Chocolate, but not sheep's wool, also reliably increased flight behavior by residents. Neither social behaviors nor self‐grooming were affected by these odors. The novel odors had no effect upon, or actually decreased, the defensive responses of intruders towards residents. The equivalent effectiveness of both predator and nonpredator odors in elevating risk assessment and suppressing attack during firsttime exposure, and the decreased potency of cat odors following repeated exposure, suggests that novelty contributes to the enhanced defensiveness seen among subjects during initial exposure to predator odors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<293::AID-AB2480210405>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFactors influencing the tendency to be aggressive were investigated in male house mice using a series of paired encounters. Body size, body lenght, body temperature, age, and anogenital distance were measured on all males. Paired encounters were conducted using a standard mouse cage as an arena. Across 64 males involved in 224 encounters, the tendency to be dominant and win encounters was significantly correlated only with anogenital distance (r = 0.383). These findings suggest that there are significant behavioral effects in male mice that could parallel the intrauterine position and related prental hormone effects that have been elucidated in female house mice and other rodents. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<301::AID-AB2480210406>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<311::AID-AB2480210407>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<312::AID-AB2480210408>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<315::AID-AB2480210409>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:4<::AID-AB2480210401>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY