摘要:

AbstractGender differences regarding aggressive behaviour were investigated in 167 school children, 11 to 12 years of age, through peer‐rating techniques supported by self‐ratings and interviews. The social structure of the peer groups also was studied.The principal finding was that girls made greater use of indirect means of aggression, whereas the boys tended to employ direct means. Gender differences in verbal aggression were less pronounced. The social structure of peer groups was found to be tighter among girls, making it easier for them to exploit relationships and harm their victims by indirect manipulative aggression.Because indirect aggression has rarely been satisfactorily studied with tests of aggression, this finding may help to explain 1) the generally lower correlation found between peer‐rated and self‐rated aggression in girls than among boys (indirect means not being so readily recognized by the subject as a kind of aggression) and 2) the low stability of aggressiveness in girls often found in developmental

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<403::AID-AB2480140602>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn four experiments with male Siamese fighting fish, the classical conditioning of visual/spatial cues with elicitors of aggression was demonstrated. These studies show that this type of socially mediated learning is more rapidly conditioned than was previously known. One 15‐min training session is adequate to condition a preference for those cues that had recently been paired with conspecific images. Finally, behavior occurring during acquisition, in the presence of aggression‐eliciting cues, was uncorrelated with the magnitude of the learned preferences that were assayed during extinction tests and in the absence of social stim

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<415::AID-AB2480140603>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is disagreement concerning the role or importance of social leaping, compared with pecks and threats, in the dominance relations of fowl. As an approach to this issue, the current paper reports two experiments that used aggression‐inducing isolation‐rearing conditions of either 8 days or 8 weeks. In 5‐min tests in pairs after isolation it was found that leaping was the key aggressive response in conflicts between 14‐ to 15‐week‐old roosters. Leaps were more frequent overall and occurred earlier than did pecks. Although both dominant and subordinate birds leaped at one another to some degree, only the dominant birds had both “leap rights” and “peck rights.” The data indicated that leaping is a behavior that has an important, central role in the social organization of male domestic chickens. These laboratory results were comparable to certain archival data from cla

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<425::AID-AB2480140604>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlay fighting in the Syrian Golden hamsterMesocricetus auratuscan be distinguished from serious fighting by the targets attacked in each case. In play fighting, the animals attack and defend the cheeks and cheek pouches, whereas in serious fighting they attack and defend the rump and lower flanks. Since play typically involves the use of behaviors borrowed from other functional contexts, this paper investigates the origin of the cheek target during play fighting. Comparison of resident‐intruder serious fighting with awake and anesthetized intruders does not reveal the cheek to be an inhibited target for serious attack. Similarly, analysis of social investigation and allog‐rooming, while revealing the ears to be important targets, do not show the cheeks to be targets in these behaviors. Sniffing, licking, and nibbling of the cheek area appear to occur mainly during sexual encounters by males. This area, seemingly a sexual target, may be the one utilized during play fight

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<437::AID-AB2480140605>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTriads of male NMRI mice were housed together and dominance hierarchies allowed to form. At age 19 weeks the mice were ranked on the basis of wins in spontaneous aggressive encounters, and whole‐body volatiles were sampled by the dynamic solvent effect and quantitatively analysed by capillary gas chromatography. At age 26 weeks the mice were again ranked on the basis of wins in aggressive encounters, number of aggressive encounters initiated, and scent marking patterns, and whole‐body volatiles were sampled and analysed. Chromatographic odour profile ranks agreed perfectly with aggressive initiator ranks and poorly with encounter winner ranks. Eight components of the whole‐body odour were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry; two of these are known semiochemicals. The results demonstrate that murine semiochemicals are accessible to quantitative analysis at the level of the ind

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<451::AID-AB2480140606>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<463::AID-AB2480140607>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<465::AID-AB2480140608>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:6<::AID-AB2480140601>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY