摘要:

&NA;Four additional cases of Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction), representing the first cases described in Italy, are reported. The medical literature concerning the subject is also thoroughly reviewed.Ogilvie's syndrome is an acute massive dilatation of the large bowel without organic obstruction of the distal colon. Three hundred and fifty‐one cases have been described in the literature to date. Eighty‐eight per cent of cases were associated with various extracolonic affections (metabolic and organ dysfunctions, postoperative and posttraumatic states, etc.). Twelve per cent of cases were not associated with known disorders and were defined as idiopathic. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is still unknown. Ogilvie, who first described the syndrome in 1948, suggested an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasym‐pathetic innervation of the colon: this neurogenic hypothesis has been shared by other authors, although explanations may differ slightly. The clinical and radiologic picture closely resembles mechanical obstruction of the large bowel. The most marked dilatation usually takes place in the right colon and cecum: if the distended cecum reaches a diameter larger than 9 to 12 cm, perforation is likely to occur; if perforation occurs, the mortality rate incrases from 25 to 31 per cent to about 43 to 46 per cent. If conservative management fails to control the dilatation and cecal rupture is impending or suspected emergency surgery is indicated, the surgical procedure of choice is dictated by the general conditions of the patient as well as by the intestinal findings: operation may consist of cecostomy, colostomy, or right hemicolectomy or simply emptying the bowel.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Retroperitoneal and mediastinal emphysema as a complication of colonoscopy, though infrequent, may occur. It is important to realize that this can be a benign clinical condition that will resolve with conservative management. A case of retroperitoneal emphysema after routine colonoscopy is reported with a review of literature and a brief discussion.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Joseph Lister was born at Upton, Essex on April 5, 1827, the son of a wealthy wine merchant who became an eminent optical scientist. He received his M.B. and F.R.C.S. at the University College, London, in 1852 and went from there to Edinburgh to become the house surgeon to James Syme. He subsequently married Agnes Syme, the eldest daughter of his chief. He became a lecturer at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and became well known mostly through his writings on coagulation and microscopic observations. In 1859 he accepted the Professorship of Surgery at the University of Glasgow.In spite of the advent of anesthesia, elective surgery was frequently complicated by erysipelas, septicemia, pyemia, and hospital gangrene. In 1865 Lister became aware of the work of Pasteur on fermentation and putrefaction. He decided to use carbolic acid (phenol) for wound dressings to prevent infections and to sterilize the operative field. His results are here reproduced in this Classic presentation. It is difficult to conceive what abdominal surgery was like prior to Lister. Few would be so bold as to voluntarily perform a laparotomy and no one would dare to incise or to resect an intestine.Lister's work was severely criticized initially but ultimately he received the highest accolades throughout the world for his achievements. In 1869 he succeeded Syme as Professor at Edinburgh and subsequently became Professor of Surgery at King's College, London. He became President of the Royal Society, a baronet, and was the first physician to sit in the House of Lords.Among his other notable contributions to surgery was the use of carbolized catgut sutures, and the introduction of the aortic turniquet, the wire needle, the ear hook, the sinus forceps, the urethral bougie, and the prostatic stone forceps.Joseph Lister died on February 10, 1912 at the age of eighty‐four. His remains were interred in Westminster Abbey.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID