摘要:

SummaryThe biochemical origin of serotonin from tryptophan is described. Most of the serotonin produced in the body is derived from the gastrointestinal tract. Normally, only a small amount of tryptophan is metabolized to serotonin; the majority leads to the vitamin, nicotinic acid, as an end product. In carcinoid, there is a reversal of this situation such that a majority of tryptophan is converted to serotonin. In addition to producing a large excess of serotonin which is responsible for many of the symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome, there may then also occur a deficiency of nicotinic acid.The major end product of serotonin metabolism is 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which can readily be detected in the urine. Measurement of the amounts of this compound in the urine is the most satisfactory biochemical method for the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome.Serotonin is a precursor of melatonin, a newly discovered hormone derived from the pineal gland and the peripheral nerves. Its role, if any, in the carcinoid syndrome remains to be established.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryMassive bleeding may be caused by either diverticular disease or neoplasia of the colon, but it is more likely to be due to the former, particularly when there is no bleeding after control of the initial episode. When bleeding is of a lesser degree, and especially when it persists or recurs, it is more likely to come from neoplastic disease.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ConclusionMany cancers of the rectum or rectosigmoid may be palliated by irradiation. Relief of pain and tenesmus, decrease in bleeding and discharge, shrinkage of tumor and avoidance or postponement of colostomy can often be achieved. Generally, relief of symptoms parallels the regression of the tumor. Usually palliation is measured in terms of months.Certain patients with advanced carcinoma of this region can benefit by judicious irradiation prior to an extended surgical procedure. This should be performed more frequently than previously and probably it would lead to a greater salvage of patients.Possibly results of irradiation could be enhanced in some patients by combined treatment with “antitumor” drugs. There is good reason to initiate a planned investigation of this combined type of therapy.

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0012-3706    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID