ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Atelectasis is one of the most commonly encountered abnormalities in chest radiology and remains a daily diagnostic challenge. At times atelectasis can be overlooked, particularly when pulmonary opacification is minimal or absent, and at other times it might be interpreted as being some other form of intrathoracic pathology, particularly pneumonia. The direct signs of atelectasis are crowded pulmonary vessels, crowded air bronchograms, and displacement of the interlobar fissures. Indirect signs of atelectasis are pulmonary opacification; elevation of the diaphragm; shift of the trachea, heart, and mediastinum; displacement of the hilus; compensatory hyperexpansion of the surrounding lung; approximation of the ribs; and shifting granulomas. For descriptive purposes, atelectasis can be divided into the following types: segmental, lobar, or whole lung; subsegmental; platelike, linear, or discoid; round; and generalized or diffuse. Resorption atelectasis is caused by resorption of alveolar air distal to obstructing lesions of the airways; adhesive atelectasis stems from surfactant deficiency; passive atelectasis is caused by simple pneumo-thorax, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or hypoventilation; compressive atelectasis is due to tension pneumothorax, space-occupying intrathoracic lesions, or abdominal distention; cicatrization atelectasis stems from pulmonary fibrosis; and gravity-dependent atelectasis is the result of gravity-dependent alterations in alveolar volume. Whenever signs of volume loss are present on a chest radiograph, the radiograph should be interpreted as showing atelectasis. By understanding the various mechanisms leading to atelectasis, and by considering the underlying conditions, the radiologist should be able to develop an appropriate list of the possible causes of atelectasis. The diagnosis of atelectatic pneumonia should be based upon the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia coupled with the identification of pathogenic bacteria in sputum, tracheal aspirates, or protected bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial brush specimens rather than on the radiographic identification of atelectasis alone.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this article we review the plain radiographic and computed tomographic manifestations of lobar atelectasis. The progression of lobar atelectasis from mild to marked volume loss is emphasized. Common combinations of lobar and whole lung atelectasis are also discussed. Radiographic features that help distinguish lobar atelectasis from pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and mediastinal masses are outlined. Where appropriate, selected examples of segmental atelectasis are also presented. The recognition of lobar atelectasis is important, particularly in cases stemming from obstructing endobronchial tumors. Since all signs of volume loss are not present in any given case, knowing as many signs of lobar atelectasis as possible is useful. Careful analysis of the chest radiograph and subtle alterations in the fissures and hilar vascularity aids in differentiating lobar atelectasis from other intrathoracic processes.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Atelectasis is known to change the retractility of the involved part of the lung and the pleural pressure adjacent to it. Consequently, pleural effusions or pneumothoraxes will change their distribution and preferentially migrate toward the site of atelectasis. This alteration will often result in an atypical distribution of pleural liquid or gas. The radiological implications of this phenomenon are discussed herein.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 48-year-old man with B-cell lymphoma of the stomach was seen with recurrent pneumonia, weight loss, and anorexia. A barium study revealed a large malignant gastric ulcer with a gastrobronchial fistula. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a gastric neoplasm invading the left lower lobe of the lung and the spleen.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Interstitial pulmonary emphysema (IPE) is the initial manifestation of ventilator-induced barotrauma. We report two patients in whom computed tomography was useful in showing IPE.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An immunosuppressed patient with scleroderma presented with hemoptysis due to bronchial artery aneurysms associated withMycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC).

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infectious mononucleosis occurs most commonly among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, intrathoracic involvement by infectious mononucleosis, especially pulmonary consolidation, is uncommon. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed a massive pulmonary consolidation in the right lower lobe, multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion in a 41-year-old man with infectious mononucleosis. Histopathology confirmed that lymphocytes and plasma cells had infiltrated the peribronchial areas and alveolar septa, and showed alveolar exudates composed of amorphous fibrinous debris, lymphocytes, and macrophages.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID