ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The radiologist plays an important partnership role in detecting presymptomatic disease in those at risk for occupational lung disease, contributing to the specificity of the diagnosis and recognizing sentinel events. Medicolegal roles for imaging include confirming the presence of a morphologic abnormality compatible with occupational lung disease, identifying other potential causes for disability, and determining the morphologic extent of disease. This article describes and illustrates the imaging appearance of a wide range of occupational lung diseases.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory interstitial lung disease caused by recurring exposure to a variety of occupational and environmental antigens. It features widely variable clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings. Because the clinical findings of HP mimic multiple other diseases, a high degree of clinical suspicion and a thorough occupational and environmental history are essential for accurate diagnosis. There is no single pathognomonic feature for HP; rather, diagnosis relies on a constellation of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. The radiologic manifestations, particularly the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern, provide important clues and frequently point clinicians towards the correct diagnosis. The HRCT findings in HP may include ground-glass opacification, centrilobular nodules, air trapping (mosaic pattern), fibrosis, emphysema, or more frequently a combination of these. The combination of a mosaic pattern with ground-glass opacification and centrilobular nodules is particularly suggestive of the diagnosis. The best long-term prognosis is achieved with early diagnosis and removal from exposure.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposures in the workplace result in a diverse set of diseases ranging from the pneumoconiosis to other interstitial lung diseases to acute lung injury. Physician awareness of the potential disease manifestations associated with specific exposures is important in defining these diseases and in preventing additional disease. Most occupational diseases mimic other forms of lung disease, including pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and bronchiolitis. A “sarcoidosis”-like syndrome, usually limited to the lungs, may result from exposure to bioaerosols and a number of metals. Exposure to beryllium in the workplace produces a granulomatous lung disease clinically indistinguishable from sarcoidosis, chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Beryllium's ability to produce a beryllium-specific immune response is used in the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests to confirm a diagnosis of CBD and exclude sarcoidosis. Exposure to other metals must also be considered in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis. When an individual presents acutely with ARDS or acute lung injury, an acute inhalational exposure must be considered. Exposure to a number of irritant substances at high levels may cause a “chemical pneumonitis” or acute lung injury, depending on the solubility and physicochemical properties of the substance. Some of the most notable agents include nitrogen and sulfur oxides, phosgene, and smoke breakdown products. Ingestion of paraquat may also result in an ARDS syndrome, with pulmonary fibrosis eventually resulting. Bronchiolitis is a rare manifestation of inhalational exposures but must also be considered in the clinical evaluation of inhalational exposure.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preparing images for publication has dealt with film and the photographic process. With picture archiving and communications systems, many departments will no longer produce film. This will change how images are produced for publication. DICOM, the file format for radiographic images, has to be converted and then prepared for traditional publication, 35-mm slides, the newest techniques of video projection, and the World Wide Web. Tagged image file format is the common format for traditional print publication, whereas joint photographic expert group is the current file format for the World Wide Web. Each medium has specific requirements that can be met with a common image-editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). High-resolution images are required for print, a process that requires interpolation. However, the Internet requires images with a small file size for rapid transmission. The resolution of each output differs and the image resolution must be optimized to match the output of the publishing medium.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the distribution of normal findings and various lung diseases on coronal reconstructions as compared with cross-sectional high-resolution CT images. The volumetric CT images were obtained at 120 kVp, 200 mA/rotation, pitch 6:1, and a high-spatial-frequency reconstruction algorithm. The scans were performed using 2.5-mm collimation and reconstructed at 1.25-mm intervals. Coronal reconstructions were obtained at 2.5-mm slice thickness and 2.5-mm intervals. The pictorial includes images of normal anatomy, emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and panbronchiolitis.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This case report of a possible aortic pseudoaneurysm after coarctectomy in a 12-month-old boy illustrates the unique considerations when performing pediatric cardiovascular CT angiography in young children. With newer (8-channel) multidetector technology, many of the complexities of performing diagnostic angiography, including sedation, breathing artifact, and intravenous contrast material administration, can be reduced or eliminated.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In patients with AIDS, the relatively high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis places them at risk for more severe esophageal tuberculosis (including fistula formation) (1), and tuberculous esophagitis in the setting of AIDS may be more common than had been thought (1–3). Tuberculous esophageal fistulae have long been described and are well known (4–7). Air tracking from the esophagus into a mediastinal lymph node is very rare and reported previously to collect in small pockets in either of two patterns: irregular (or “amorphous”) (8,9) or peripheral and curvilinear (1). Complete filling of a large lymph node by air has not previously been reported. Reported here is a case of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy in an AIDS patient in whom CT scans demonstrated fistula development between a large lymph node and adjacent esophagus; this was accompanied by total replacement of the apparently necrotic content of the node with air, surrounded by the relatively thin, smooth, residual wall of the node. A lymph nodal pneumatocele was thereby created, which has not been previously described, and is the first feature of this case. On frontal chest radiography, the lateral wall of the lymph nodal pneumatocele produced an appearance falsely akin to an azygos fissure, creating the second feature: a previously unreported cause of false appearance of an azygos lobe. It is important to consider tuberculosis when a fistula to the esophagus is demonstrated in an AIDS patient (1–3), to be aware that even a large lymph node may “shell out” entirely in that setting, and not to confuse the final resulting appearance with the normal variant it may resemble.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hard metal interstitial lung disease (HM-ILD) is a rare form of interstitial lung disease caused by aerosolized particulates containing cobalt inhaled during the manufacture or grinding of hard metal. The high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) appearance of HM-ILD includes reticulation, traction bronchiectasis, and large peripheral cystic spaces in a mid and upper lung distribution. This appearance, along with a consistent occupational exposure, should specifically suggest the diagnosis of HM-ILD.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A bronchosubcutaneous fistula is a communication between the subcutaneous tissues, the pleural cavity, and the bronchial system. It is a rare manifestation of primary pulmonary disease. The authors present a very unusual case of bronchosubcutaneous fistula that presented as subcutaneous emphysema after palliative radiation therapy for primary carcinoma of the lung.

ISSN:0883-5993    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID