摘要:

Summary.This study investigated how to improve the recruitment of blood donors, their retention as active donors and their response to call‐up. A total sample of 9,000 non‐donors, lapsed donors and current donors was examined in three programmes to determine the sex, age and social profile of donors; the attitudes of the population to blood donation; the motivating forces prompting people to give blood; the de‐motivating forces preventing them; the image of the blood donor in society and the image of the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS). The profile of blood donors, with small variations, reflects that of the population. The experience of blood donation is widespread with 27% of the population either current or lapsed donors. The image of both blood donors and the NBTS was found to be very positive. The main force motivating donors is an awareness of patient need complemented by awareness that the need may one‐day be personal. NBTS strategy will concentrate on reinforcing the need for blood donors and enhancing the experience of donors at blood donor s

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The isolated perfused lobule of human placenta was used as an in‐vitro model to study the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVGG) on the placental transfer of a human platelet‐specific antibody (anti‐P1A1). Normal human IgG was shown to transfer from the maternal to the fetal circulation of the placental model after a lag period of 2–3 h. IVGG also transferred across the placenta but only after a longer lag period (3–4 h) than normal human IgG at the same concentration, which suggests that IVGG may contain a factor that inhibits the transfer of its own component IgG. The sensitive Western immunoblotting technique was used to demonstrate progressive transfer of anti‐P1A1antibody to the fetal circulation after a 2–3 h lag period. When IVGG and anti‐P1A1antibody were added simultaneously to the maternal circulation, the transfer of platelet‐specific antibody was strongly inhibited by IVGG. The inhibitory effect of IVGG on anti‐P1A1antibody transfer was consistent for three different batches of the same IVGG product (Sandoglobulin). These studies provide the first scientific data to support the use of IVGG to inhibit antiplatelet antibody transfer as part of the antenatal management of neonatal alloimmu

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.While blood transfusion is increasingly implicated in the aetiology of tumour recurrence, the mechanism of this effect is unclear. Cancer‐bearing patients are known to have factors in their sera which depress the function of normal lymphocytes. It is possible that blood transfusion accentuates this natural suppression. An animal model was therefore developed to study the effect of blood transfusion on humoral immunosuppressive activity and its possible relationship to red cell clearance. WAG rats given a transfusion of chromium‐labelled allogeneic but blood‐group compatible DA rat blood, developed significantly increased (P<0·001) levels of lymphocyte suppressive factors in plasma (maximum at 7 days) which coincided with accelerated red cell clearance (t1/2= 7 days). A transfusion of syngeneic WAG blood caused only a small transient increase in plasma suppression and red cells were cleared at a normal rate (t1/2= 13 days) consistent with previous studies. However, when syngeneic WAG red cells were lysed and the red cell membranes infused there was a rapid increase in plasma suppression (P<0·001), similar to but less prolonged than that achieved with allogeneic blood. The immunosuppressive effect of blood transfusion may result from accelerated clearance of allogeneic or damaged syngeneic red bloo

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A monoclonal IgG anti‐human IgG, 1B12, was used in a radio‐ligand‐binding assay to quantify IgG on erythrocytes of patients and normals. The assay detected a range of 10–700 IgG molecules. Good correlation was achieved between the number of molecules and the strength of agglutination in antiglobulin tests performed in capillary tubes. The assay was capable of detecting subagglutinating immune bound IgG on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosu

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Thirty‐five Thai patients with various α‐thalassaemia (α‐thal 1/α‐thal 2, α‐thal 1/HbCS, HbCS/ HbCS) and yβ‐thalassaemia (β‐thal/HbE, severe and mild form, HbE/HbE) syndromes were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins and C3d on o‐tolidine positive erythroblasts in the bone marrow, and for the amounts of IgG of some specificities bound to circulating erythrocytes. In mild, but not in severe yβ‐thal/HbE and in α‐thalassaemia, the percentages of Ig‐positive erythroblasts were significantly higher than in controls and correlated well with the percentages of IgG‐positive erythroblasts. By contrast, the percentages of IgM and C3d positive erythroblasts were low and similar in thalassaemic and control marrows. A substantial proportion of thalassaemic patients showed more erythrocyte‐bound IgG than controls, but statistically significant elevations were seen only in severe β‐thal/HbE. Within a particular syndrome erythrocyte‐bound IgG was more abundant in splenectomized than non‐splenectomized subjects. It showed specificity for spectrin in some β‐thalassaemic patients and for band 3 protein in several individuals with α‐ or β‐thalassaemia. The results suggest that IgG antibodies play a role in the haemolysis of thalassaemia and that they are likely to be involved in the ineffective erythro

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.BIRMA‐N, a murine monoclonal anti‐N antibody of the IgGl subclass, was assessed for suitability as a blood grouping reagent on the Olympus PK7100 automated blood grouping machine. At a selected dilution and over the pH range 5·0·8·0, the antibody performed accurately in this system as confirmed by parallel manual testing of donor blood samples with human anti‐N and commercial monoclonal anti‐N reagents. These findings show BIRMA‐N to be extremely suitable for N typing blood samples in an automated system providing a convenient, objective and cost‐effective method for large scale typing of the blood do

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A 43‐year‐old Arab woman was found to be negative for the high incidence An Wj antigen and her serum contained anti‐An Wj. Two of her seven siblings were also An Wj‐negative, which provides evidence for the first time that the AnWj‐negative phenotype may be an inherited character. Blood groups of the family, in which the parents of the proposita are consanguineous, show that AnWj is not part of the ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Xg and, notably, Lutheran blood group systems and neither is it X or

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Parentage analysis has revealed a high probability that a man accused of paternity is the biological father of a male child. The child in this study, however, was the twin of a female child who could not have been fathered by the accused man. The mother of the children subsequently accused a second, unrelated man, who was excluded from paternity of the boy, but was very probably the biological father of the girl.

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Prolonged storage of red blood cells in a liquid state was achieved by replacing the preservative using a sextuple‐bag system. The bag system consists of one primary bag containing citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) solution, three satellite bags containing saline‐adenine‐glucose‐phosphate‐maltose (SAGP‐maltose) solution, and two empty satellite bags to remove plasma and buffy coat. Preservative can be exchanged three times in this closed system. The system is able to supply nutrients, such as glucose, and to remove harmful metabolites, such as lactic acid, by exchanging the preservative during storage. As a result, red cells stored by this method showed much higher levels of total adenylate and morphological score after the second preservative exchange, when compared with red cells stored by the conventional method (P<0·01). Judging from these two in‐vitro parameters, red cells may tolerate storage for at least 10 weeks in a liquid state. This method might be useful for ‘predeposit autologous transfusion’, as it is more convenient and more cost effective than the free

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Autotransfusion is becoming increasingly popular, mainly because it eliminates the risk of disease transmission. One of the techniques available is intra‐operative blood salvage and retransfusion with or without washing of the collected blood. The blood collected during this process is subjected to a variety of chemical and physical insults which can alter the normal composition of the plasma by activating plasma and cellular homeostatic mechanisms. In this study, we measured the plasma levels of total phospholipids, lysolecithin and non‐esterified fatty acids, and the lipolytic enzymes phospholipase A2(PLA2) and lipase in the salvaged blood before and after washing. In the unwashed salvaged blood the mean levels of PLA2, non‐esterified fatty acids and lysophospholipids increased by 144, 96 and 149%, respectively, while those of total phospholipids and lipase did not change to any extent. All these substances were reduced to well below the patients circulating plasma levels by washing the collected blood. The changes indicate that the lipid profile of salvaged blood is significantly altered and that potentially dangerous substances such as PLA2and its metabolites, lysolecithin and non‐esterified fatty acids, are present in increased amounts. Washing the blood is recommended prior to rei

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY