摘要:

SummaryThe implementation of PULSE within the NBS will bring considerable advantages to the Service and to hospitals. A system of dual labelling has been developed to overcome intrinsic constraints identified with the ABC Codabar system. This should not, however, impact directly on hospitals which will be able to continue to utilize the ABC Codabar system.The dual labelling system incorporates the use of the ISBT Code 128 barcode system for transfusion centre use. This must be clearly differentiated from the implementation of ISBT code 128 within the UK. This latter development would bring considerable benefit to transfusion practice, increasing the overall safety of blood transfusion. It is, however, recognized that extensive discussion with appropriate stakeholders will be necessary before any implementation date can be determined for this initiative, particularly so given the significant logistical and financial implications inherent in such a change.

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Fifteen HBsAg kits from 14 manufacturers were assessed. Their sensitivity was evaluated by testing 150 HBsAg‐positive sera, sera from four donors who were low‐level HBsAg carriers, and sequential specimens from 22 seroconverting individuals together with dilutions of six of these specimens. The British HBsAg Working Standard (0.5IUmL‐1) and the NIBSC/UKBTS HBsAg Monitor Sample (0.125IUmL‐1) were also tested. Five assays failed to detect one of the 150 routine HBsAg‐positive sera. Four assays (Auszyme Monoclonal; Monolisa Ag HBs 2nd generation; Murex HBsAg; Ortho HBsAg Test Systems 3) were able to detect HBsAg in all but one of the six sera from low‐level carriers, whereas one assay (MicroTrak II HBsAg) detected only one of the six. The most sensitive kit (Monolisa Ag HBs 2nd generation) detected HBsAg in 79 specimens from the seroconversion panels; four other kits detected HBsAg in at least 70 specimens, seven in 60–69, two in 50–59 and the least sensitive in 31. Further analysis of the findings on seroconverters indicated a median reduction in the duration of HBsAg detection of 5 days or more for four assays when compared with the most sensitive assay. One kit (Auszyme Monoclonal) detected HBsAg in 15 of the 18 dilutions prepared from the seroconversion specimens, whereas three kits detected HBsAg in fewer than 10 dilutions. Two kits gave negative reactions with the British HBsAg Working Standard on all of five occasions and six were consistently unreactive with the NIBSC/UKBTS HBsAg Monitor Sample; only three kits (Bioelisa, Enzygnost, Murex) were always reactive. There is therefore substantial variation in sensitivity among the HBsAg kits curr

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.For safe blood transfusion, developing countries face considerable problems including serological screening and confirmation of blood‐borne virus infections (HCV, HTLV‐I, HIV and HBsAg). Confirmation tests are not only costly but also require sophisticated techniques and expertise. In order to provide this support we have attempted to perform a virus antibody confirmation test on samples dried on blotting paper (BP). Forty‐nine sera derived from selected patients and donors from Bombay, and nine donors' sera from Bellarussia were transported on BP. In control experiments, dilutions of antibody‐positive sera (HIV, HTLV‐I&HCV) and ‘blinded’ HTLV‐I antibody‐positive and antibody‐negative donors were applied on BP. Eluates from snipped BP were tested initially by screening tests, and the reactives were subjected to confirmatory tests for three types of virus antibody tests (HCV, HTLV‐I&HIV) by blotting methods and neutralisation tests for HBsAg. There was considerable reduction of titres in dry sera but all BP‐derived dry specimens gave excellent qualitative concordance with their liquid‐equivalent sera, and the HTLV‐I‐positive donor was identified and reconfirmed correctly. Presence of only HCV antibody was confirmed in all the nine selected Bellarussian donors. Blood donors in Bombay had 3% HIV antibody, 6% HBsAg and none had HCV antibody, while selected patients showed substantially higher levels of these markers: HIV‐antibody 64%, HBsAg 57% and HCV‐antibody 17% confirmed positive. The cause of this high level remains to be established. Dry samples received by post seem to be an economical approach to a first step in providing some levels of independent confirmation of

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.We have undertaken a meta‐analysis of the post‐operative infection rates in patients who received autologous blood compared with allogeneic blood. Nine studies published after 1989 were identified, of which seven had sufficient data on transfusion given in the paper to be included, giving a total of 1060 patients. The risk of post‐operative infection was greater in the allogeneic group, odds ratio 2.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6‐3.6,P<0.0001) compared with the autologous group. Allogeneic and autologous blood transfusion should be compared in a large multicentre randomized contro

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY. The immunomodulating effects of repeated exposure to blood from multiple donors coupled with an immature immune system may predispose the preterm neonate to an increased incidence of infection in his first few months of life. To test this hypothesis, we compared lymphocyte phenotypes, serum IgG concentrations, and histories of infection and rehospitalization in neonates at 4 months corrected age. Two of the study groups were preterm infants who had been transfused with either frozen, deglycerolized or CMV‐negative, γ‐irradiated blood. Control groups consisted of nontransfused term and preterm infants. There were no differences found in lymphocyte phenotypes or serum IgG concentrations of controls or transfused infants. No differences were found in the infection or rehospitalization incidence in the transfused infants as compared with nontransfused preterm neonates. We failed to show differences in immune parameters or in infection and rehospitalization rates of the preterm infants analysed. Alongside previously published reports, our data suggest that red cell transfusions have a minimal impact on the immature immune system of the neo

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.DNA samples were analysed from Japanese individuals with the very rare ABO variant phenotype, cisAB (A2B3), which is characterized by the apparent inheritance of both A and B genes on one chromosome. The nature of the bases present at nucleotide positions (nps) 261, 526, 703, 796 and 803 is important for the specificity of the alleles at the ABO locus and the DNA from the cis AB donors was analysed by polymerase chain reaction ‐ restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) to determine which nucleotides are present at these positions.The results indicated that the cisAB allele had the AAAB‐structure, which was a chimera of normal A and B alleles, when the expression ‘AAAA’ and ‘BBBB’ indicated the nucleotides of normal A (C, G, C and G) and B (G, A, A and C) genes at nps 526, 703, 796 and 803, respectively. The AAAB allele was found in all 27 individuals (17 families) with the cisAB including three phenotypes A2B3, A1B3and A2B and no other chimeric gene was found. The causative gene of cisAB was the AAAB allele, and the A and B alleles were not on one chromosome.The cisAB allele appeared to be a product of the normal A allele due to a point mutation at nucleotide position 803, from G to C. The AAAB allele is thought to be normally transcribed and translated to produce an unusual transferase polypeptide, which has weak A‐ and weaker B‐specific activity.PCR‐RFLP is a rapid and useful means of detecting the cisAB allele (the AAAB allele) without a family study, even when they have A1B3and A2B phenotypes, because trans‐type A1B3and A2B samples have obviously differ

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The object of antibody screening is to detect all clinically relevant antibodies. In order to do this effectively red cells are selected with an appropriate antigen profile. The introduction of column techniques for antibody screening by indirect antiglobulin testing (IAT) and two‐stage enzyme testing (ETC) is perceived to lead to an increased sensitivity and an ability to detect red cell antibodies more easily than by traditional tube techniques because reactions in columns are more easily read and are stable. We evaluated the use of a column technology with pooled red cells for routine antenatal screening. The pooled cells used contained at least one cell with homozygous antigen expression for the majority of clinically significant antibodies known to be present, except for Kell. Pooled cell results were not as easy to read in gel columns when compared with single cell results due to weaker reactions which were often diffused throughout the gel in the column. We concluded that the use of pooled cells led to a decreased sensitivity which proved problematic for the interpretation of results. We used a two‐cell and a three‐cell pool and found that detection of known antibodies was reduced in IAT and ETC me

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A new solid‐phase assay system has been developed for the detection of irregular antibodies in plasma and serum specimens. By means of a magnetic indicator cell, we have established a sensitive and easy‐to‐handle antihuman globulin (AHG) test involving magnetic‐mixed passive hemagglutination (M‐MPHA). Comparative studies of M‐MPHA with conventional AHG tests demonstrated that this is sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect irregular antibodies to red blood cells. Elimination of centrifugation in this test seems to open the way toward new standardization of solid‐

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1996.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY