摘要:

Summary.I have tried to show that blood group serology developed rapidly out of necessity and demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism on red cells that was unmatched at that time in man. With new knowledge, these observations have proved to be accurate and informative and correlate well with subsequent biochemical and molecular studies on the antigenic structures, in spite of the fact that they were achieved by relatively simple technology. Serology still has the capacity to focus on points of interest and even to solve problems, albeit in conjunction with other modern and more sophisticated techniques. It provides a good discipline for any scientist to make unbiased and objective studies.

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Low ionic strength solutions (LISS) for use in the antiglobulin test were obtained from 356 U.K. laboratories. Of the 324 laboratories using LISS to suspend the test red cells and who returned details of their LISS technique, 15 used unequal proportions of red cell suspension and serum despite the LISS being formulated for use with equal proportions. Of the 22 laboratories mixing LISS with serum and red cells suspended in a normal ionic strength medium, four used a LISS preparation formulated for a LISS‐suspension technique and three used a commercially available LISS‐addition preparation using proportions of red cells, serum and LISS not recommended by the manufacturer. The mean (standard deviation) pH, conductivity and osmolality of the 334 LISS preparations for LISS‐suspenson was 6·9 (0·2), 4·1 (0·4) mS/cm and 298 (15) mmole/kg, respectively. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the osmolality and, particularly, conductivity during the preparation of LISS because values were observed that were clearly outside the acceptable range cited in theGuidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom, i.e. pH 6·7 ± 0·2, conductivity 3·7 ± 0·3 mS/cm and osmolality 2

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A gel technique for the detection of red blood cell (rbc) antigen‐antibody reactions was evaluated for use in antenatal antibody screening and identification procedures. The evaluation was undertaken on 3,900 random antenatal samples. Results obtained in the gel test system were compared with those obtained from parallel testing using conventional serological methods. The ID gel system detected 148 (3·7%) red cell antibodies, compared with 95 (2·4%) using traditional techniques. The number of non‐specific antibodies and false‐positive screens were reduced using the gel test system. Antibody titres performed using the gel system were more sensitive than with our tube 1AT method. The gel system was easy to use and gave reliable, reproducible results. Antibody detection rates were enhanced compared with our existing routine tec

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Solid‐phase red‐cell adherence (SPRCA) techniques in platelet serology are used mainly for crossmatching. A SPRCA method for general diagnostic application was evaluated in parallel with the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PIFT). Of 149 patient sera sent for investigation of thrombo‐cytopaenia, 76 were negative and 59 positive when studied by both methods, eight positive by PIFT only and six positive by SPRCA only. The reactivity observed for 24 sera containing HLA antibodies tested with chloroquine‐treated and untreated platelets was similar for both methods. All of 14 sera containing quinine‐associated antibodies reacted strongly to both techniques in the presence of added quinine. In comparison, however, whereas all sera were non‐reactive to SPRCA in theabsenceof added quinine, and with PIFT, seven of the sera reacted weakly. Titration studies with three examples of anti‐PlA1and five sera containing HLA antibodies generally showed a one doubling dilution lower titre with the SPRCA procedure. End‐point interpretation, however, was more readily achieved with the SPRCA method. The SPRCA technique displays similar sensitivity and specificity to the PIFT and is recommended for use by routine hospital laboratories to screen plat

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The incidence of the MiIII phenotype among Chinese blood donors in Hong Kong was found to be 6·28%. Eleven individuals apparently homozygous for theMiIIIgene were detected by immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies Rl.3 and R18. Rl.3 detects an identical epitope on both glycophorins A and B and Rl 8 detects a different epitope on glycophorin A. Immunoblotting with R1.3 showed an absence of bands corresponding to normal glycophorin B. Immunoblotting with R18 showed an absence of a 58 K band, which corresponds to a heterodimer of normal glycophorin B complexing with the MiIII component, found inMiIIIheterozygotes. In two families with apparentMiIIIhomozygous individuals, both parents of the propositi had the MiIII phenotype which implies normal autosomal inheritance of theMiIIIgene. In another family, only one parent had the MiIII phenotype and the presence of anSugene is postulated to explain the immunochemical and serological findings

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In the sera of blood group O recipients with long‐term surviving blood group A2kidney grafts, inhibitors of A‐glycosyltransferase (α‐3‐N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosaminyl transferase) have been identified in four out of six patients. The inhibitors seem to be of IgG antibody nature and do not appear until at least 1 year after transplantation. The inhibitors are also active against B‐transferase (α‐3‐D‐galactosyl transferase) as well as against A‐glycosyltransferase of pig origin. The importance of these A‐glycosyltransferase inhibitors is not clear. They may have a modifying effect on the antigenic expression of the graft. The immunogenicity of soluble glycosyltransferases is well known and the development of antibodies against them might preve

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Twenty‐one patients with autoimmune thrombocytopaenic purpura (AITP) were treated with anti‐D immunoglobulin. There was no significant difference with low and high dose anti‐D treatment in the platelet count response between homozygous and heterozygous Rh(D) positive patients. The heterogeneous responses seen in Rh(D) positive AITP patients treated with anti‐D immunoglobulin cannot therefore be explained by differences in Rh(D) phe

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This report describes the dramatic reduction in the platelet count and ablation of symptoms by consecutive platelet apheresis in a young girl with CML who presented with an extremely high platelet count of 10,320 × 109/1. Extreme thrombocytosis, although quite rare, can be symptomatic and life‐threatening in paediatric patients and should be considered an emergency. The mechanical removal of platelets by apheresis is effective therapy and should begin as soon as possib

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Stored serum samples from 169 blood donors found positive for TPHA were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) and to hepatitis B core (anti‐HBc), as evidence of previous HBV infection, a condition known to be sexually transmissible. Only three donors were positive with a ‘first generation’ anti‐HCV and all three failed to confirm with a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). In contrast, 33 (19·5%) of the TPHA‐positive donors were positive for anti‐HBc. The results suggest that sexual transmission is not a major factor in the

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Stored serum samples from 24 blood donors confirmed positive for anti‐HIV‐1 were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Those repeatedly reactive using the anti‐HCV ELISA screening test were retested by the HCV recombinant immunoblot (RIBA). Risk‐factors for the contraction of HIV infection that had been elicited at formal counselling sessions were evaluated in relation to HCV/HIV modes of infection. The only two donors confirmed to be anti‐HCV positive both admitted to intravenous

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1991.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY