ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Four antibodies used routinely in‐house for the assessment of antiglobulin reagents (anti‐Fyb, anti‐Jka, anti‐S) were tested in parallel using tube and antiglobulin ‘gel‐test’ low ionic strength antiglobulin techniques. In the latter the red cells are centrifuged following incubation through a dextran matrix incorporating an anti‐human globulin reagent. The results show that the antiglobulin ‘gel‐test’ was less sensitive than the tube technique in the detection of these

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.The gel centrifugation test (GT) is a method of transfusion serology, based on the fact that, after centrifugation, unagglutinated red blood cells (RBC) pass easily through a gel, while agglutinated RBC do not. The introduction of the GT to our blood bank transfusion routine [strictly following the manufacturer's instructions (DiaMed ID Micro Typing System)] resulted in problems with the interpretation of the results. These were overcome after the introduction of modifications, which included; (1) the systematic use of 1% RBC suspensions; (2) the use of 50 μ1 of 1% RBC suspensions and 25 μ1 of serum in all tests; (3) the control of all negative indirect antiglobulin tests (IAT) and direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) by the addition of 50 μ1 of a 1% IgG coated RBC suspension followed by centrifugation; and (4) the systematic use of saline‐suspended RBC for ABO typing in patients with positive

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.A monoclonal anti‐B (BS 85) that reacts strongly with red cells from weak B variants (B3, Bintand Bv) has demonstrated the presence of a trace of B on A1red cells. The agglutination of group A1red cells by an anti‐B antibody is called the A1(B) phenomenon and is the converse of the B(A) phenomenon seen with certain monoclonal anti‐A antibodies.Fragile A1(B) agglutination is best seen by spin‐tube techniques and A1red cells negative in saline tests are agglutinated by albumin and protease enzyme‐enhanced tests, but no reactions are seen with A2red cells. The A1(B) reaction is specifically inhibited by B substance, and D‐galactose and the galactose‐containing sugars melibiose and lactose. Red cells from B variants showed differential inhibition patterns with various sugars.A1transferase levels were normal even in the strongest A1(B) reactive blood samples, although the plasma H transferase levels and H status of these red cells were elevated. This is in contrast to the B(A) phenomenon which is associated with elevated levels of B transferase. It is suggested that A1(B) overlapping specificity can occur because of a combination of higher H activity (and thus more H sites) together with normal levels of A transferase activity as they are 20% higher than normal levels of B transferase.The production of anti‐B reagents free of the A1(B) phenomenon with BS‐85 is achieved by suitable dilution using quality control tests with protease‐treated A1red cells. BS 85 anti‐B supernatant binds so strongly to B cells that it elutes only weakly by heat methods and therefore the B antigen cannot be demonstrated by

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.During the period 1984–1989, a total of 46 examples of Bvphenotype were encountered out of a total of 567,210 donors, giving an incidence of 1 in 12,330 among the Chinese in Hong Kong.The Bvdeterminant corresponds to the portion of the B antigen that is present on rabbit red cells, and gives a negative reaction with polyclonal anti‐B reagents absorbed with rabbit red cells that still react with B3. Some potent monoclonal anti‐B reagents confirm the absence of a B epitope from Bvred cells even by adsorption and elution techniques. The failure of some monoclonal anti‐B reagents to detect Bvdemonstrates the need to select or blend monoclonal anti‐B reagents for use in typing Oriental bloods. Cell‐conversion techniques failed to convert O cells to B cells using Bvserum with the appropriate substrate, whereas sera from most of the other B variants were capable of doing so. The Bvphenotype, therefore, represents a distinct category of B subgroups that is easily distinguishable from B3and other

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Proteolytic activity was studied in platelet concentrates (PC) stored in plasma at 22°C. In experiment 1, two PC with a higher (A) and a lower (B) white cell concentration were prepared from each of nine donors by centrifugation. Aliquots of the cell‐free plasma, PPP, were stored as a control. Samples for the assay of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), elastase, spontaneous proteolytic activity (SPA), kallikrein‐inhibiting activity, thrombin‐antithrombin complexes (TAT) and D‐dimers were collected initially and on days 1,3,5 and 7 of storage. Consumption of glucose, pH and concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ATP were determined to investigate the metabolic status of the PC. The decrease in pH correlated to the leucocyte count,r= ‐0.74,P<0.001 and to the increase in LDH,r= ‐0.74,P<0.01. The levels of elastase and the SPA were consistently low in the PPP bags. In the PC elastase had increased by day 5 and the SPA by day 3; the levels in PC A were significantly higher than in PC B,P<0.01. The leucocyte count correlated with the elastase activity,r= 0.71,P<0.01, and with the SPA,r= 0.65,P<0.01. A minor increase in FPA was demonstrated while no TAT and D‐dimers could be detected. The cause of the formation of FPA was studied in experiment 2; three bags of PC and four of PPP were prepared from each of 16 donors. To the PC and three of the PPP bags either hirudin, aprotinin or no enzyme inhibitor (control) was added. To the fourth PPP bag extra CPD was added to evaluate the effect of pH. Hirudin decreased the formation of FPA (P<0.001) while aprotinin had no inhibitory effect; thus the formation was due in part, to thrombin activation. The levels of FPA were higher in the PPP controls, correlating with an increase in the pH.We conclude that there is an activation of proteolytic enzymes in plasma during storage. The duration of storage, stability of pH and the concentration of white cells are important factors. The data give evidence for the benefit of a removal of leucocytes already in the prepara

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Eighteen cases of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (ANN) were analysed for their clinical and serological properties. Pregnancy was normal in all cases, but a 50% incidence of abortion is recorded. With the exception of two premature babies, all newborns were delivered at term. Omphalitis and mild infections of the skin were predominantly present. None of the new‐borns died by overwhelming sepsis. The average duration of neutropenia was 11 weeks (range 3–28 weeks). Intravenous IgG therapy was followed by transient remission in 2 of 4 affected newborns. Antibody differentiation revealed in five sera NA1‐, in four sera NA2‐ and in two sera NB1‐specific antibodies. In two sera only HLA antibodies were detectable. Complement activating antibodies were determined in 72% of the sera. Screening for granulocyte‐specific antibodies in 1016 postpartum sera of unselected women revealed a total of 11 sera (1.1%) reacting selectively with granulocytes, but only four (0.4%) were directed against a known granulocyte‐specific antigen. None of the new‐born of mothers alloimmunized to granulocyte antigens developed neutropenia, which suggests an incidence of

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.To determine the basis of the tissue cross‐reactions shown by some human monoclonal anti‐Rh D antibodies, we have investigated the tissue reactivities of 48 further human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against D and other Rh antigens, and compared them with those of normal and anti‐D sera and immunoglobulin preparations, and affinity‐purified polyclonal anti‐D antibodies. Although we were unable to detect any tissue reactivities associated with the D‐binding fraction of polyclonal antisera or prophylactic immunoglobulin, the non‐erythroid cell types identified by the tissue‐reactive human anti‐Rh mAb of both IgM and IgG class were those recognized by antibodies present in both normal and anti‐D sera. These results indicate: (a) that the tissue specificities of human anti‐Rh mAb are similar to those of natural antibodies, and (b) that there are immunochemical differences between polyclonal and monoclonal anti‐D antibodies, at least of IgG class, which may be relevant to the use of the latter in the prevention of haemolytic disease of the new‐b

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY