摘要:

Summary:Antisera to high‐ and low‐incidence blood‐group antigens were used in immunoblotting and immune precipitation studies to identify novel erythrocyte membrane components and to assign antigens to known proteins. Several antibodies identified well‐characterized membrane proteins which are widely expressed on other cells and tissues. The Cromer system antigens were found to reside on the complement regulatory protein decay accelerating factor (DAF). Antigens of the Indian collection were located to the cell adhesion molecule, CD44. The Cartwright system antigens were assigned to acetylcholinesterase, the function of which, on erythrocytes, remains unclear. Two novel blood‐group‐active glycoproteins were identified. One carries the Scianna system antigens whilst the second carries the high‐incidence antigens, Gya, Hy and Joa. The low‐incidence antigens, Dhaand Rd, were assigned to Glycophorin C and to the Scianna‐active glycoprotein, respectively. The existence of Cromer‐null, DAF‐deficient erythrocytes greatly facilitated the study of the function of DAF on erythrocytes. Location of theYTlocus and hence of theAChEgene to chromosome 7q22 may be of significance in leukaemias and myelodysplasias since this region is a mutational ‘hot spot’ in these disorders. The novel proteins identified, for which no monoclonal antibodies are available, may also prove to be of functional significance on erythrocytes or on other cells and tissues. Several of the rare phenotype cells, such as the In(a ––– b –––) cells, Gy(a–––) cells and the Sc‐null cells, may prove to be of great value in defining the function of these molecules on erythrocytes, in the way that Inab cel

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A male patient of blood group A was accidentally given two units of group B blood when operated upon because of injury. This resulted in an immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction. The patient was treated with exchange transfusions in order to remove the incompatible red cells and thus prevent renal damage. Two weeks after the transfusion, an anti‐B humoral immune response appeared. The antibodies were mainly IgG and IgA types, of IgG3 and IgA1 subclasses. The anti‐B antibodies seemed specific for the B trisaccharide [Galα1–3(Fucα1–2)Gal] as tested by radioimmunoassay and chromatogram binding assay. No antibodies recognizing part of the core saccharide chain could be detected, i.e. antibodies capable of differentiating between B type 1 and B type 2 chains did not occur. An unsuspected finding was that the patient had IgG antibodies recognizing glucosylceramide (and weakly also galactosylceramide) before and after the transfusion. These antibodies were still present 9 years after the ABO‐incompatible blood

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The passive administration of anti‐D immunoglobulin is effective in preventing Rh alloimmunization and therefore preventing haemolytic disease of the newborn. However, diminishing availability and increased demand render an alternative source of anti‐D desirable. We report the production of two human monoclonal IgGl antibodies specific for Rhesus antigen D. Data are presented on the serological reactivity of these antibodies and on their ability to promotein vitrobiological activity. Antibody derived from both lymphoblastoid cell lines and the hetero‐hybrid cell lines were compared for both ESD‐1 and ESD‐4. The ability of the antibodies to detect rhesus related antigens in animal tissue was also assessed. We present some evidence for altered reactivity of the ESD‐4 antibody following fusion of the lymphoblastoid parent line to a murine p

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The value of quantitative and functional assays in predicting the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) was assessed. Sera containing anti‐D were obtained from 27 pregnant women who subsequently delivered D‐positive babies. Antibody levels were quantified by Auto Analyzer (AA) and functional activity was determined by an antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and chemiluminescence test (CLT). The severity of haemolytic disease was graded according to cord Hb levels and transfusion requirements of the babies. In eight cases unaffected by HDN, six results by AA (over 5IU/ml), one by CLT and two by ADCC falsely predicted the occurrence of HDN. In nine cases of mild to moderate HDN requiring transfusion therapy, there was one false negative result by AA, three by CLT and two by ADCC. All assays correctly predicted severe HDN in the remaining 10 cases. The ADCC assay and CLT showed good correlation (t= 0·69,P<0·001) and the tests were of comparable sensitivity. The data suggest that while all assays are capable of discriminating severe HDN, AA results may falsely predict HDN in unaffected babies. Although the CLT may not discriminate some mild cases of HDN, ADCC and CL tests are less susceptible to false positive results in unaffec

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An antihuman globulin (AHG) gel centrifugation technique (AHG gel test) employing microtubes (DiaMed®) has been compared for sensitivity in detection of unexpected antibodies with a saline indirect antiglobulin test (SIAT) which uses a cell‐to‐serum ratio between 1:120 and 1:200 and provides positive reactions at a concentration of a standard anti‐D of 2 ng/mL (0·01 IU/ml) or less. For most antibodies examined the AHG gel test was slightly less sensitive than the SIAT but both methods were capable of detecting anti‐D at concentrations of 2 ng/ml or less. The importance of defining in detail the conventional tube test method used in such evaluations is emphasized since previous reports of sensitivity of the DiaMed AHG gel test indicate considerable variation in technique and comparative se

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A 24‐year‐old male was admitted to Kansai Medical University Hospital, complaining of fever, skin exanthema, jaundice, brown urine and lymphadenopathy.The patient was diagnosed as having haemolytic anaemia caused by a cold agglutinin following rubella infection.The cold agglutinin of the patient reacted strongly with group OI red blood cells (RBC), Oi cord RBC, Oi adult RBC and neuraminidase‐treated RBC, and much weaker with protease (papain, ficin, bromelin)‐treated RBC; it was identified as anti‐Pra.Cold agglutinins of anti‐Praspecificity following rubella infection in adults have rarely be

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In current anticoagulant‐additive systems used for the preparation of blood components an early loss of erythrocyte 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) during storage is unavoidable. This increases reversibly the oxygen affinity of the haemoglobin of red blood cells (RBC). Using half‐strength citrate CPD solution (0·5CPD) as anticoagulant and a red‐cell additive solution (RAS 2) containing citrate, adenine, phosphate, mannitol and glucose, it was possible effectively to counteract this undesirable effect without loss of adenine nucleotides. The initial mean BPG level was maintained for 4 weeks and the total adenine nucleotide concentration for 7 weeks. The initial BPG level decreased upon prolonged hold of the whole blood at ambient temperature to 85–90% of normal after 4 h, 70% after 12 h and 50% after 22 h. Both preparation and storage haemolysis were lower in 0·5CPD blood processed into RAS‐2‐suspended RBC than in CPD blood processed into SAGM‐suspended cells.The possibility of adding glucose to the red cells via the primary anticoagulant instead of the additive solution was tested. The glucose concentration had to be increased to three times that in normal CPD to supply the red cells with sufficient glucose for 6–7 weeks of storage. However, this caused increased haemolysis, particularly after prolonged hold of the whole blood at ambient temperature before component preparation. The results therefore indicate that the glucose supply should be in the additive solution. Less citric acid in the 0·5CPD anticoagulant, an increase in intracellular pH on addition of the new additive solution and supply of phosphate seem to be major factors in explaining the effects. The new combination of anticoagulant and red‐cell additive solution is a clear improvement for blood component p

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This study addresses the possibility of platelet quality being maintained during storage by an endogenous metabolic fuel, while avoiding dextrose‐induced lactate accumulation. This was achieved by harvesting platelet concentrates from blood donations collected into a dextrose‐free anticoagulant. Adequate maintenance of all metabolic and functional parameters was observed in platelets from blood collected into 4% citrate. The requirement for platelets stored in CPD plasma to be agitated during storage was confirmed, but agitation could be omitted for dextrose‐free platelets without increased lactate generation and a drop in pH. These results indicate that platelet concentrates from dextrose‐free blood may be stored without some of the constraints accompanying platelet storage in conventional media, and may thus result in improved delivery of this

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), even by the most sensitive techniques, fails to detect all carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The presence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc) in the absence of HBsAg is a common finding in donors implicated in cases of post‐transfusion hepatitis B (PTHB), and viral DNA may also be demonstrated in many of these individuals. An extended pilot study of routine screening of all donations for anti‐HBc in addition to HBsAg was introduced into the Mersey and North Wales Regional Transfusion Service in November 1991 to improve surveillance for carriers of HBV. In order to reduce costs a modified passive haemagglutination assay was evaluated and found to have a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 98% compared with a conventional assay. In the first 6 months 60 530 donations were tested and 12 (0–02%) were found to have anti‐HBc in the absence of HBsAg or adequate antibodies to HBsAg (anti‐HBs). These sera will later be submitted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in order to determine their infectivity or otherwise by the detection HBV DN

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Alloimmunization against platelet antigens is related to neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and post‐transfusion purpura. Moreover, platelet‐specific alloantibodies, in addition to HLA‐specific antibodies, play a role in the state of refractoriness to platelet transfusions. Most platelet‐specific alloantigens have been assigned to platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX and Ia/IIa. Data on antigen frequencies were first reported for Caucasians, but since then platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms have been reported for other populations, e.g. the Yuk alloantigens in Japanese. As information on the distribution of the recently described alloantigens is incomplete in Caucasians, this study was undertaken to provide reliable data on the PIA, Ko, Bak, Yuk and Br (HPA 1–5) alloantigens, of the ‘low‐frequency’ Sraand Vaaantigens and of the Nakaisoantigen. In contrast to the frequencies determined in Oriental populations, all 964 individuals tested in this study were Yuka‐negative and all persons tested (n= 382) had Naka‐isoantigen‐positive platelets. A comparison of typing results shows that the recently described Siba‐alloantigen is identi

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1993.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY