ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150673

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150674

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chlamydia trachomatisis a primary cause of acute or silent salpingitis leading to infertility and ectopic pregnancy. TheC. trachomatisepidemic, undiscovered in most cases, spreads, mostly in adolescents, during the years following the onset of sexual activity.As opposed to gonococcal infection which has gready decreased, C.trachomatiscervical and urethral infection is common in young occidentals. More then 30 different studies covering 200–12 000 subjects screened in family planning centers, college women and men, students and military recruits in different parts of the USA, in Scandinavian countries and France, indicate a prevalence of 5–20%) (mean 10%) in apparently healthy young females<25 years and 5–10% in males. Female prevalence is strongly related to age, being highest (15–20%) in women<20 years old.Several cost-benefit analyses show that the total cost of the general screening in young populations, which can easily be carried out for women in family planning centers, could save twice the cost of treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease caused byC. trachomatisand six times the total cost of C.trachomatisepidemics if late sequelae are taken into account (tubal infertility treatment, ectopic pregnancy).There is a debate among authors concerning the relative merits of total screening versus selective screening in family planning centers, the most common opinion being to do a total screening of women<20 years old and selective screening of women 20–30 years of age with at least one risk factor, the most common risk factors being more than one partner in a year, purulent, cervical discharge, failure to use condoms and use of a contraceptive pill.Although the data clearly show thatC. trachomatisscreening is cost-effective, conducting of the diagnostic laboratory tests used in such screening programs should be carefully evaluated relative to cost, feasibility, specificity and sensitivity and should be adapted to the presumed prevalence in screened populations.

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150675

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150676

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is a highly effective, long-acting, safe and reversible method of contraception, which offers additional health effects through its effects on menstruation. Long-term clinical studies have suggested a protective effect on pelvic inflammatory disease, have demonstrated that it is highly acceptable to the majority of women requesting effective contraception, and have shown that it may be used at any time throughout the fertile period and beyond.

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150677

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ObjectiveIn women who use oral contraceptives with low estrogen doses, a quiescent endometrium is frequently produced. Further reduction of the estrogen dose would not be expected to alter this effect. In this open-label study, the effects on the endometrium of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing 75 Jig gestodene and 20 fig ethinylestradiol were assessed.MethodBiopsies were performed on 25 women on therapy. The biopsies were performed during the late luteal phase (last 7 days) in the pretreatment cycle and during days 15–21 in cycle 6 for 13 subjects (Group A) and during days 15–21 in cycle 3 and during the late luteal phase (last 7 days) in the post-treatment cycle for 12 subjects (Group B).ResultsAll subjects completed six cycles of treatment. Nine of 13 subjects pretreatment and nine of 12 subjects at cycle 3 were characterized by the pathologist as having a secretory endometrium. Four of 13 subjects at cycle 6 and ten of 11 subjects post-treatment also demonstrated a secretory endometrium. Predecidual changes were seen in one, two, two and zero subjects at pretreatment, after three cycles, six cycles, and post-treatment, respectively. Six subjects had an atrophic endometrium at cycle 6.ConclusionsWith monophasic gestodene/ethinylestradiol 75μ/20μg, a secretory or inactive endometrium was present in most subjects. Thus, the effects on the endometrium of this oral contraceptive containing a reduced estrogen dose are consistent with those produced by other low-estrogen-dose combination oral contraceptives.

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150678

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Surinamese women in Holland have a higher fertility rate and a much higher abortion rate than Dutch women in general. A sample of 60 Surinamese women throughout Holland were interviewed about their experience of sexual education, their initial sexual experiences, their use of contraception and pregnancies. Factors in their sexual career associated with a heightened risk of an unplanned pregnancy are recorded.

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150679

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ObjectiveThe study was designed to analyze factors related to compliance in oral hormonal contraception in Spain.MethodA review study and a multicenter analysis of experience of compliance by 300 doctors, by means of a questionnaire and discussion about the determinants of contraceptive use.ResultsCompliance is a major problem in Spain, being influenced mainly by side-effects, the general perception of the method and personal factors. The different factors involved in non-compliance in Spain were analyzed, with regard to the perspective of the professionals.ConclusionsStrategies to improve compliance in Spain aim mainly at improving the general perception of the method and the accessibility of family planning centers. Factors associated with compliance are still not well known in our country. Better knowledge of the determinants of non-compliance in Spain is needed. For this purpose, another research group was formed to conduct a national study among women.

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150680

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1362-5187    

DOI:10.3109/13625189609150681

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor