ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn order to study the potential of the Deccan basalts as aquifers, the properties of transmissivity and storativity must be considered. Analysis of large‐diameter dug wells tapping unconfined aquifers in the Deccan basalts shows that there exists a relationship between porosity and specific yield. The aggregate porosities of weathered basalts, vesicular basalts and fractured‐jointed basalts are respectively up to 34%, 50%, and 15%. On the contrary, specific yield has a maximum value of 7%, 4%, and 1% respectively. In relation to aggregate porosity the specific yield is low suggesting that in Deccan basalts effective porosity constitutes only a small fraction of aggregate porosity. It is found that this effective porosity is about 7%. The weathered basalts and vesicular basalts have higher transmissivities than fractured‐jointed basalt and, therefore, form better aquifers. The variation in transmissivity values in various directions, and from point to point, indicates that the Deccan basalts are hydrogeologically anisotropic and heterogeneous in n

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTProgrammable calculator programs have been given previously for the calculation of head or pressure change resulting from the pumping from or injection into wells completely penetrating fully confined or semiconfined aquifers. Programs are documented here for wells partially penetrating a fully confined aquifer. The programs are for the TI 59 card programmable calculator.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA nitrogen powered, all‐glass‐Teflon, continuous delivery, noncontaminating pump system is described. Continuous flow rates up to 45 gal‐hr‐1(2.84 1‐sec‐1) are obtainable. The system was developed and field tested to sample water wells with static heads greater than 32 ft (10 m) for measurements of trace level organics. The system is equally applicable to environments such as marine, lake, and other unconfined water or fluid systems. Also, the analysis can be extended to inorganic and microbial assays in that the sample obtained is unaltered with respect to chemical, physical, and biological

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFour case histories illustrate the various roles that digital computer simulation models can play in ground‐water exploration. The case histories describe their use in evaluating aquifer parameters and characteristics, in estimating ground‐water recharge, in resolving data inconsistencies, and in determining the optimal allocation of exploration funds. The models are especially useful in identifying data deficiencies and inconsistenc

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn steam‐electric power plants, large volumes of surface waters are used for cooling the plant's condensers. There, approximately two‐thirds of the energy produced by the fuel is removed as waste heat. This heat is carried away by the cooling waters, is dispersed into the atmosphere or surface‐water bodies, and is lost for other potential uses. When condenser cooling systems such as towers or ponds are used, there is also a considerable net loss of water through evaporation.Injection and storage of spent cooling waters underground would reduce the evaporative (consumptive) losses to the atmosphere. Later, these waters could be recovered for use in heating and in industrial or agricultural applications. The resulting conservation of energy and water may make such a project economically feasible in the near future as the costs of water and fuel increase.In this paper, we review the use of ground water from a confined aquifer for this application and analyze a simple configuration of one withdrawal and one injection well to determine: (1) the areal extent of temperature changes caused by reinjection of spent cooling waters into the aquifer from which they originated; and (2) how long it would take for the water to become too hot to use for co

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe limiting factors for the, safe yield in the investigated coastal area were sea water along the coastline and saline water at about 250 m below sea level. Both types of salt water will intrude into existing wells, when the potential heads are changed sufficiently by increasing pumping. Besides this, the recharge rate due to precipitation affects the potential head.In a hilly central part of the region, water infiltrates into the ground, and seeps to the saturated zone where it flows some kilometers to flat marshy regions near the coast and estuaries. There it comes up to drainage systems near the land surface (long cycle).In the marshy region the infiltrated water exfiltrates into drains and ditches after a short passage of some meters in the upper zone of the aquifer (short cycle).The calibration of a digital ground‐water model gave the existing ground‐water budget. The prognostication of the safe yield was based on these results.The most interesting problem of model calculations was to take into consideration the dependence of the recharge rate on the depth of the ground‐water table below the land surface. If the ground‐water level is lowered by pumping below the drainage system, the short cycle will be interrupted. The downward seeping water flows within a saturated zone to the wells and affects the potential head. The greater the drawdown, the greater is the recharge rate. The depression of the water table by pumping is compensated up to a certain

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAnalyses of several hundred ground‐water samples from over 100 wells, and water table elevations measured in about 60 wells were used to determine the sources, distribution and movement of organohalide contaminants within two unconsolidated aquifers in South Brunswick Township, New Jersey. 1,1,1‐trichloroethane and other organic contaminants were found to have migrated more than 3,000 feet from one source to a public supply well. Lithologic logs from existing wells and monitor wells drilled for the investigation indicate that the Old Bridge aquifer, used for domestic supplies, is underlain by a clay aquitard (Woodbridge clay?) which in turn is underlain by the Farrington sand, a very productive and heavily pumped aquifer used for public supply. Well logs and water elevations were used to define the existence and location of a breach or window in the clay formation. This feature recharges the deeper aquifer and has allowed organic contaminants to reach the Farrington after contaminating wells screened in the upper unit. A large‐capacity well has been contaminated as a result. Water table altitudes were used to show the possible existence of a second breach in the clay layer that may allow organics to reach a second public supply well screened in the lower aquifer within the next few

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGround‐water quality has been monitored at a fly ash disposal site. The monitoring technique consists of electrical resistivity soundings, and profiles in conjunction with analysis of water samples from 33 wells on the site. In addition laboratory measurements were made on samples from the well borings to determine the changes in resistivity of each lithology as a function of water saturation, and the temperature and conductivity of the pore fluid.For a line approximately perpendicular to the ground‐water flow, we were able to detail the subsurface lithology using electrical sounding, and in conjunction with the laboratory studies, it was possible to determine the vertical and horizontal extent of the contamination for that cross section.Electrical profiles, which were taken on a monthly basis, were able to monitor the changing concentration of leachate after the profiles were corrected to a common ground‐water temper

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAnalysis of a long‐duration aquifer performance test utilizing a well near Kansa in the Sukhinda ultramafic body of the Cuttack District in Orissa has demonstrated that nonequilibrium formulae can be applied to hard‐rock regions depending upon the stage of hydrogeological regime and the vertical leakage in the system. Graphical analysis of test results under nonsteady and steady‐state conditions have helped in understanding the behavior of aquifers and their characteristics. A comparative examination of results obtained by different methods and careful insight has helped in delineating the boundary conditions, long‐term withdrawal effects and well spacing problems in the present area, and this approach could be applied in similar well

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY