摘要:

ABSTRACTNitrate concentrations in ground water are low, less than 10 mg/l, in most parts of Hall County. Water from 46 percent of the sampled wells had nitrate concentrations greater than 10 mg/l, and 13 percent had greater than 45 mg/l. Sharp contrasts in concentrations occurring within short distances are common. Seasonal changes and a progressive increase of nitrate concentrations have occurred in some observed wells. Concentrations decrease with increasing well depth and well penetration below the water table. Nitrate in ground water is stratified where the concentration is high. Highest concentrations are found at or near the water table in the vicinity of sampled wells located close to a potential nitrate source. Potential sources of nitrate in the ground water of Hall County are fertilizers, feedlots, septic‐tank effluents, seepage from the Wood River, precipitation, and soil fertility. Whereas seepage from the Wood River contributes nitrate to ground water adjacent to the stream, seepage from the Platte River dilutes the nitrate content of ground water. The hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated zone is an important factor in controlling nitrate content of ground wate

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRemotely‐sensed data are being used by the Geological Survey of Alabama in the study of subsidence and collapse problems in several carbonate terranes. Active areas in Shelby County, Alabama, have been delineated by on‐the‐ground inspection and by use of airborne remote sensors. These active terranes present formidable problems to those who presently live in the area as well as to those who will be involved in the future development of this region; therefore, techniques must be found that can be used to predict subsidence and collapse.Study of a 70‐square‐mile test area in the county indicates that aerial infrared photography, thermography, and side‐looking airborne radar (SLAR) imagery can be used for (1) locating, inventorying, and monitoring sinkholes; (2) predicting potential collapses; (3) mapping fracture traces, lineaments, regional geologic structure, and alignment of sinkholes; and (4) assisting general project planning. Tremendous time and effort can be saved by using remote‐sensing techniques because large areas can be examined in a very short p

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Shurbet Case established that ground water is a natural resource subject to depletion. That decision was restricted to water extracted from the Ogallala formation on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. The unique features of the Ogallala formation on the Southern High Plains are that (1) the reservoir serves a significant geographic area which has no other source of water, (2) the recharge of the reservoir is from a single predictable source, and (3) the artificial discharge caused by pumpage produces a permanent reduction in the water available for use.In order to claim a depletion deduction, the taxpayer must (1) determine the cost of the water, (2) determine the quantity of water available at the time of acquisition, and (3) determine the quantity of water exhausted during the year. The procedures developed for use in the Shurbet Case have been accepted by the Internal Revenue Service for use in establishing the cost, quantity, and usage of water.In deciding who can claim a depletion deduction for the use of ground water, four factors must be considered. They are: (1) legal, (2) geologic, (3) economic, and (4) procedural. The taxpayer must have an economic interest in the water, and the water must be a depletable deposit. The geology and hydrology must be similar to the Southern High Plains. The taxpayer must have a cost basis in the water and must produce income from its sale or use. The taxpayer must prove that he sustained depletion.Although the Shurbet decision has been confined to the Southern High Plains, it seems that similar conditions may exist in other areas and that water users should be made aware of the potential tax saving arising from the depletion deduction.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe problems associated with the use of agricultural surface water for artificial ground‐water recharge to maintain an urban ground‐water supply are being researched at the Leaky Acres Recharge Project in Fresno, California. Ground‐water recharge and agricultural technologies are combined to recharge available irrigation water through agricultural soils and profiles of known chemical, geologic, and hydrologic properties. This report describes the project area, research aims, and some ground‐water quality changes associated with two years of recharge operation.Leaky Acres has 117 acres (47.4 ha.) of ponding surface in 10 basins. During 1971 and 1972 recharge seasons, not all of the area was in operation at one time; still, a total of 13,904 acre‐feet (17,150,000 m.3) of high‐quality water was recharged. The 1972 average intake rate was 0.574 ft./day (17.5 cm./day). Changes in ground‐water quality related to soil leaching during recharge are discussed. Eventual improvement of the regional ground‐water qual

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe work described in this paper investigates the effect of aquifer anisotropy on the unsteady drawdown at the face of a partially penetrating well, which is pumped at a constant rate. The aquifer is confined between two parallel aquicludes, and its hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be transversely isotropic. Based on a parametric study of the drawdown equation, it is concluded that the variation in drawdown depends on which of the principal permeabilities is held constant, as well as the ratio between them. For constant radial permeability, the rate of increase of drawdown with time is independent of the permeability ratio; furthermore, unless the well penetration is very small, aquifer anisotropy is of little consequence for permeability ratios close to unity. For constant vertical permeability, well penetration has practically no influence on the drawdown for lower permeability ratios. The effect of aquifer anisotropy increases from a negligible value for a fully penetrating well to a maximum for wells which just tap the aquifer.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article by Ralph C. Heath which appeared in the January 1973 issue of theNorth Carolina Engineeris another excellent example of how ground‐water geologists and hydrologists should and must speak out in their communities in support of ground‐water developm

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02992.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY