ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA methodology is proposed which provides predevelopment assessments of the potential yield of ground‐water reservoirs. A systematic assessment of aquifer parameters leads to estimates of ground‐water storage capacity and the geologic risks that may affect those estimates. Area of reservoir, average saturated thickness of aquifers to a limit of economic dewatering, and average specific yield, all arrived at through a Delphi procedure are combined in a Monte Carlo simulation to yield an unrisked product at several probability levels. Marginal probabilities are assigned to each parameter and combined in a further Monte Carlo simulation to yield a series of risked estimates. The results are expressed in a table and as cumulative probability curves of ground‐water storage capacity that can provide a basis for economic modeling. The method is analogous to methods widely applied in the petroleum and other extractive industries. All basic hydrogeologic data are laid out in a systematic way, permitting planners to compare reservoirs on a common basis and to judge the reliability of the estimates. Once the geologic models have been developed, they can be updated readily as additional information becomes available. The method is particularly well‐suited to preliminary assessments of the development potential of undeveloped or poorly‐explored areas, and to regional evalution where only parts of the regional have been subject to intensive ground‐water

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEntrenchment and subsequent filling of a glacial valley have led to localization of iron‐enriched ground water in the Silurian carbonate aquifer at the Vistron plant, Lima, Ohio. All production wells are open exclusively to the carbonate aquifer. Water from the saturated glacial deposits of relatively low permeability and high ironcontent is drawn laterally into the more permeable carbonate aquifer containing water with relatively low concentrations of iron. Wells closest to the saturated glacial deposits yield water with iron concentrations greater than 1.4 milligrams per liter. These wells, in the southwestern part of the site, apparently form a sink preventing iron‐enriched water from migrating into other pumping wells in the central and northern parts of the area.Iron concentrations have not increased in individual wells between 1971 and 1981. They are not expected to increase in the central and northern wells as long as about 20% of the plant's ground water is withdrawn from at least two of the southwestern we

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOverpumping of the Cambrian‐Ordovician aquifer in the Chicago area has caused severe water‐level declines in portions of Cook, DuPage, Kane, and Will Counties. Recent changes in the accounting procedure for diversion of Lake Michigan water have released more water for public supplies. As communities currently withdrawing water from deep wells receive allocations of Lake Michigan water, deep pumpage will decrease in those areas and water levels will partially recover. Major cones of depression will shift southward to Joliet and westward to the Fox River communities north of Aurora. Critically low water levels caused by pumpage in these areas will result in a loss of pumping capacity of as much as 19% by the year 2020. Despite lake allocations, deep pumpage will grow again and will still exceed the practical sustained yield (65 mgd/2.46 × 105m3/day) of the aquifer. Continued growth in Wisconsin pumpage will also contribute an estimated additional decline of about 80 feet near the State line between 1980 and

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis is a short description of the extensive USSR experience in the field of hydrogeological forecasting in large territories. The composition of the forecast consists of these stages: collection and analysis of relevant information; choice of predicted table; calculations of the forecast equations; and extrapolating the forecast in the territory. Each of these stages is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFactor analysis is useful for interpreting commonly collected ground‐water quality data and relating those data to specific hydrogeologic processes. One hundred nine ground‐water quality samples from wells completed in the upper Floridan Aquifer near Live Oak, Florida were analyzed for major dissolved constituents. R‐mode factor analysis was used to separate those chemical variables that reflect areally‐significant recharge processes from those related strictly to the dissolution of aquifer materials. Areas impacted by direct, rapid, artificial recharge through drainage wells and sinkholes, as well as by slow, natural recharge into the Floridan Aquifer, were delineated. Four factors which represent different chemical processes were identified and their relative areal impact determined. These processes are: (1) regional dissolution of the aquifer limestone, (2) dissolution and ion exchange in the discontinuous, semipermeable layer that overlies portions of the aquifer, (3) and (4) recharge from local, urban and agricultural

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe alluvial deposits that occupy the Madrid Basin in central Spain form an aquifer system covering an area of 5,000 km2(2,000 mi2) and with thicknesses of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or more. Average annual precipitation is 500 mm (15 in.) and average annual temperature is 15°C (59°F). The precipitation is sufficient to provide a net surplus to ground‐water recharge which, in turn, supports dry weather flow of major streams in the basin. A distribution of surface recharge and hydraulic conductivities were obtained from a previous study utilizing a two‐dimensional finite‐difference model of the same vertical cross section as this study. In this study a flow net and a discrete‐state compartment (or “mixing‐cell”) model were employed to calculate the age distribution of ground water circulating through the aquifer. Carbon‐14 decay ages were determined for nine ground‐water samples taken from eight locations. The ages obtained with the flow net and with the mixing‐cell models are mutually consistent and generally agree with the carbon‐14 decay ages. The calculated ages range from zero at the recharge boundaries to over 100,000 years at discharge boundaries in stream channels. The results obtained are to be regarded as preliminary. Their principal value will be to guide future C‐1

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNitrate‐N concentrations during the Summers of 1980 and 1981 exceeded 10 mg/1 in 68 of the 164 ground‐water samples collected from a shallow water‐table aquifer underlying a sand plain near Alliston, Ontario. Three extensive zones of nitrate contamination were associated with major potato‐growing areas on the sand plain. Nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with both the percentage area of heavily fertilized crops (potatoes, corn, sod and asparagus) and nitrogen fertilizer application rates in the vicinity of ground‐water sampling sites. Chloride levels in ground water exhibited a positive association with KCl fertilizer application rates. Ground water under potato fields had relatively consistent C1/NO3‐N ratios despite considerable variations in nitrate‐N and chloride concentrations. Ground water with a low nitrate content was found beneath forest and permanent pasture. These data suggest that the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizer is a major source of nitrate i

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCoal‐tar derivatives from a coal‐tar distillation and wood‐treating plant that operated from 1918 to 1972 at St. Louis Park, Minnesota contaminated the near‐surface ground water. Solutions of phenolic compounds and a water‐immiscible mixture of polynuclear aromatic compounds accumulated in wetlands near the plant site and entered the aquifer. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the aqueous phase under the wetlands is about 30 mg/1 but decreases to less than 0.2 mg/1 at a distance of 430 m immediately downgradient from the source. Concentrations of naphthalene (the predominant polynuclear compound in the ground water) and sodium (selected as a conservative tracer) range from about 20 mg/1 and 430 mg/1 in the aqueous phase at the source to about 2 mg/1 and 120 mg/1 at 430 m downgradient, respectively. Phenolic compounds and naphthalene are disappearing faster than expected if only dilution were occurring. Sorption of phenolic compounds on aquifer sediments is negligible but naphthalene is slightly sorbed. Anaerobic biodegradation of phenolic compounds is primarily responsible for the observed attenuation. Methane was found only in water samples from the contaminated zone (2‐20 mg/1). Methane‐producing bacteria were found only in water from the contaminated zone. Methane was produced in laboratory cultures of contaminated water inoculated with bacteria from the contaminated zone. Evidence for anaerobic biodegradation of naphthalene under either field or laboratory conditions was

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree simplistic models are developed for evaluating the transport of organic pollutants through soil to ground water. The models consider mobility and first‐order degradation. The first calculates linear sorption/desorption of the pollutant and first‐order degradation without considering dispersion. The second is similar to the first but also considers dispersion. The third considers nonlinear sorption following a Freundlich equation and first‐order degradation but does not consider dispersion. The models are compared to field data for the pesticides aldicarb and DDT. The models projected a lower mobility for DDT than was observed in the

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY