ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Savannah area obtains most of its water supply from the principal artesian aquifer. The aquifer consists of limestones of middle and late Eocene age. Unflushed salty water is present in the lower water‐yielding zones of the aquifer in the eastern part of the area and sea water is entering the upper water‐yielding zones in the northeastern part of the area. The salty water in the lower zones and the upper zones is moving slowly toward Savannah because a cone of depression created by pumping has reversed the natural hydraulic gradi

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐one state agencies are engaged in hydrologic investigations. Many of these agencies have vigorous programs involving many phases of water resources; a few merely administer state funds in state‐federal cooperative programs. The scopes of activities differ from state to state and include observation‐well measurement, stream gaging, areal investigation, site investigation, statewide compilation, drilling test wells, cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey, providing geologic support for hydrologic investigations, basic research, studying special problems, and publication of hydrologic re

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Hidden recharge” is defined as subsurface percolation of water from basin‐margin mountains directly into aquifers of the valley basins. It is an important, and sometimes neglected, item in hydrologic equations. Locally, geologic conditions permit inter‐basin circulation of ground water. The concept that ground‐water basins necessarily terminate at the contact between alluvium and hardrock is no

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlluvial aquifers underlying Cigli Air Base near Izmir, Turkey are moderarely permeable (Pf= 1,600 gallons per day per square foot) but contain brackish waters. To circumvent the need for construction of an expensive electro‐dialysis treatment plant, an area several miles to the north was explored for water of good quality to meet the base requirement of 600 gallons per minute.Forty‐eight vertical resistivity soundings were made along six traverses. Profiles thus obtained delineated an area favorable for testing. Test drilling at or near three recommended locations resulted in three supply wells completed in an 11 to 23 foot thick gravelly sand 260 or more feet deep.The aquifer is artesian and tests indicated a field coefficient of permeability (Pf) in the range 5,000 to 8,500 gallons per day per square foot with declines to the south. Step‐drawdown test data suggested that the design capacity of the three wells, from north to south, be 800, 500, and 400 gallons per minute, respectively.Water sampled during pumping tests is chemically good, with a maximum 490 parts per million total solids and a maximum 50 parts per million chlorides. The danger of salt‐water encroachment is present, however, and well waters are being sampled routinely so that encroachment may be detected early and consequent remedial actio

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch underground gas storage depends on the presence of ground water for its effectiveness. Many of the techniques of the geohydrologist are useful in exploration, design, and development of underground storage fields for natural gas. Both local and regional geologic and hydrologic conditions are pertinent to gas storage effectiveness. Behavior of water in aquifers and their caprock zones can be used to predict behavior with gas. Leakage has been common in underground gas storage.Conflict between the public interest in gas storage and water resource development as both are expanded in the future is to be anticipated. There are many problems yet remaining in the development of underground gas storage to insure the complete effectiveness of design and operation.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Hele‐Shaw viscous flow model has been found to be a useful device in analyzing and studying certain types of ground‐water flow problems. The discussion includes the theory of the Hele‐Shaw model, scaling considerations, construction techniques, and examples of problems adaptable to this model such as recharge pits, seepage of saline water, tidal fluctuations and o

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectric analog computers are playing an important role in the forecast of consequences of developing nonhomogeneous aquifers in Illinois having highly irregular shapes and boundaries and a wide variety of head and discharge controls. Analog computers are versatile and simple equipment, of low to moderate cost, with which ground‐water development schemes can be rapidly and accurately tested and the relative merits of alternate choices of development can be appraised.The electric analog computer used by the Illinois State Water Survey consists of an analog model and excitation‐response apparatus, i.e., waveform generator, pulse generator and oscilloscope. Analog models are regular arrays of resistors and capacitors and are scaled‐down versions of aquifers and confining beds where present. Resistors are inversely proportional to the coefficients of transmissibility and vertical permeability aquifers and the coefficients of leakage of confining beds. Capacitors store electrostatic energy in a manner analogous to the storage of water in the aquifer. The behavior of the electrical network is described by an equation which has the same form as the finite‐difference equation for nonsteady state two or three‐dimensional flow of ground water. Electrical units (voltage, coulombs, amperes and seconds) and corresponding hydraulic units (feet, gallons, gallons per day and days) are connected by 4 scale factors.Excitation‐response equipment force electrical energy in the proper time phase into the analog model and measure energy levels within the energy‐dissipative resistor‐capacitor network. Oscilloscope traces, i.e., time‐voltage graphs, are analogous to time‐drawdown or time‐recovery graphs and describe drawdown or recovery conditions after a step function‐type change in discharge. A catalog of time‐voltage graphs provides data for construction of a series of water‐level change maps. Close agreement of water‐level declines determined with an analog computer and analytical methods for 3 selected idealized aquifer situations is noted with satisfaction.An electric analog model for the East St. Louis area was assembled. The sand and gravel aquifer in the East St. Louis area has an average thickness of 120 feet, an average width of 7 miles and an average length of 30 miles. The analog model for the aquifer consists of a regular array of 2800 resistors and 1350 capacitors. The scale of the model is 1 inch equals 2000 feet. Values of resistors range in magnitude from 2.2 megohms to 33,000 ohms; capacitors are 2500 micromicrofarads. The effects of the Mississippi River were simulated by terminating the portion of the electrical network along the river in an open circuit. Resistors large in magnitude were connected to terminals along the edge of the aquifer and to ground to simulate small amounts of sub‐surface flow through bluffs. The accuracy and reliability of the electric analog computer was established by comparing past records of water‐level declines and values of water‐level declines determined with the analog computer. The electric analog computer was used to evaluate the practical sustained yields of existing pumping centers, to predict the effects of a selected scheme of development and to deter‐mine the potential yield of the aquifer under assumed pump‐ing conditions.An electric analog model for the Champaign‐Urbana area was assembled. The sand and gravel aquifers in the Champaign‐Urbana area are contained in the Mahomet buried bedrock valley which extends across the central part of Illinois from the Indiana border to the Illinois River Valley. The Mahomet buried bedrock valley averages about 12 miles wide in the Champaign‐Urbana area and is largely filled with glacial drift ranging in thickness from 50 to 440 feet. Sand and gravel are encountered within the glac‐ial drift at depths between 60 and 120 feet (upper aquifer), 140 and 170 feet (middle aquifer) and below a depth of 200 feet (lower aquifer). The upper aquifer is thin and discontinuous; the middle aquifer has an average thickness of 43 feet; and the lower aquifer often exceeds 100 feet thick. Till averaging 120 feet thick (upper confining bed) overlies the middle aquifer; about 30 feet of till (lower confining bed) separates the middle and lower aquifers. The analog model for the complex aquifer system consists of a regular array of 7500 resistors and capacitors. The scale of the model is 1 inch equals 1 mile. Values of resistors range from 1 to 68,000 ohms; values of capacitors range from 10e6 to lo‐' farads. The analog model consists of 2 horizontal arrays of resis‐tors and capacitors (lower and middle aquifers) and 1 hori‐zontal ground wire array (water table) interconnected by two vertical arrays of resistors (lower and upper confining beds). The accuracy and reliability of the electric analog computer are being assessed. The computer will be used to predict the effects of future ground‐water development and the practical sustained yields o

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY