摘要:

ABSTRACTFlow to wells in leaky artesian aquifers is intimately related to changes in aquitard storage, well storage capacity, and degree of well penetration. The manner and extent to which these and other factors affect water levels may be evaluated with aquifer test data. Families of type curves describe time‐drawdown in the aquifer and aquitard under complex aquifer and well penetration conditions. Analysis of leaky artesian aquifer test data is possible with the array of equations derived largely in the 1950's through 1970's. Erroneous data analysis will result unless complicating factors are fully recognized and taken into account. A review of leaky artesian aquifer test evaluation methods is presented in this paper together with the field application of selected methods to foster greater use of current theorie

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOverexploitation of ground water in Krishni‐Hindon interstream region (Lat. 29°05′N–29°29′N and Long. 77°19′E–77°32′E) in Uttar Pradesh, India, prompted us to carry out aquifer modeling studies. The area lies in Gangetic alluvial plain. The interconnections in the phreatic aquifer and the lower semiconfined aquifer led to the assumption of a single‐story aquifer for which an R‐C analog model was constructed.The input‐output quantities in the model have been simulated using current/voltage generators and current sinks which are appropriately programmed in time‐domain with the help of wave‐form synthesizers for a realistic representation of the field system.The model study shows that the aquifer can sustain the present output rate of 200 mcm/year without much damage to the ground‐water regime. In another scheme, an annual increase of 5% in exploitation rate, shows deleterious effects on the aquifer. Decreased rainfall/droughts would worsen the situation.The influence of hydraulic connectivity between the aquifer and the Krishni‐Hindon river system is quite significant. If the present exploitation rate were to continue for 20 years, the annual inflow to the aquifer from rivers is estimated to increase by about 36.0 mcm.More hydrogeological data is required for further validat

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOn September 30, 1977, a large industrial plant in Fernandina Beach, Florida, shut down six artesian wells that had been pumping continuously for several weeks from the Floridan aquifer. Two wells continued pumping until November 20, 1977, at which time the shutdown wells were restarted. A water‐level recorder on an observation well recorded the changing water level following shutdown and startup. Pumping rates of the wells ranged from 400,000 to 590,000 cubic feet per day (11,000 to 16,000 cubic meters per day). Distances from the pumped wells to the observation well range from 660 to 7,920 feet (200‐2,420 meters). Analysis of the water‐level data was further complicated because the wells were neither turned off nor restarted simultaneously; during recovery one well was restarted and pumped for several hours; and at the beginning of startup, a well that had been pumping continuously during the shutdown was turned off. The Cooper‐Jacob graphical method, based on the principle of superposition and using values of specific drawdown or specific recovery (s/Q) and weighted logarithmic mean of the distance squared divided by time , was applied to determine the aquifer coefficients for the upper water‐bearing zone of the aquifer. A transmissivity of 30,000 feet squared per day (2,800 meters squared per day) and a storage coefficient of between 2.5 × 10‐4and 4.0 × 10

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSmall programmable calculators have recently become available that will allow many routine pumping or injection well calculations to be made rapidly, accurately and inexpensively. Programs and example calculations are given for the exponential integral and multiple well‐multiple rate pumping or injection well equations using water well and oilfield units. The programs are for the TI 59 card programmable calculato

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIllinois aquifers furnish approximately 233 mgd (10.2 m3/s) of water to 677 public‐water supplies outside the six‐county area of northeastern Illinois. Ground water is usually obtained from sand‐and‐gravel deposits in the glacial drift or from limestone or sandstone formations in the underlying bedrock. The most favorable ground‐water conditions are found in the northern third and the southern tip of the State, while, elsewhere, major aquifers are sand‐and‐gravel deposits of the Mississippi, Illinois, buried Mahomet, Wabash, Ohio, Kaskaskia, and Embarrass valleys.A brief review was made of data and information in the State Water Survey files for each public ground‐water supply, and an assessment was given as adequate, marginal, or deficient, in terms of present demands. Twenty‐four supplies were studied in greater detail, including calculations of aquifer sustained yields. The study indicated that 39 supplies were marginal and four were judged deficient in meeting current demands. The majority of the marginal and deficient supplies are located in the central third of the State; but so are most of the supplies (outside of north‐eastern Illinois).The study represents the first of a three‐part plan to: (1) define problem areas and determine priorities for studies in greater detail, (2) conduct regional studies, including test drilling, in problem areas to determine how great the water resource is, and (3) determine the water resource alternatives available to public ground‐water supplies that are

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn order to regulate the use of ground water, State agencies and local government, together with local public participation, have developed a management policy which is now being implemented in Nebraska. A water‐resource agency, a geological survey, and a local, multi‐county governmental unit are combined with several other governmental units to investigate water problems and guide a variety of vested interests toward a common goal of efficient water‐resource management. The key government document delegating the authority and guiding the agencies is the Nebraska Ground Water Management Act of 1975. This Act specifies a procedure whereby local residents concerned about misuse and depletion of their ground‐water supplies can request that official hearings be held, water‐supply evaluations be made, and consideration be given by the Nebraska Department of Water Resources to establish what is called a “control area.” Designation of a control area allows development and enforcement of methods to deal with the water‐resource problem within that area. The management alternatives provided for by this Act include well spacing, rotation of pumping, allocation of water, and moratoriums on drilling. The Act does not, however, address conjunctive use of surface water and ground water, guidelines for management policies, and rights to artificially stor

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBecause of the relatively low stiffness properties of thermoplastic materials, casings made from these materials may be more susceptible to collapse. For many applications, when a surrounding material tends to support the casing, the casing resistance to collapse should be significantly increased. The Morley equations of equilibrium for two radial collapse pressure loading conditions were modified to include the support of the surrounding medium and were solved using the Galerkin method. Parametric studies were conducted for typical water well casings and restraint values. Simple collapse prediction formulas are proposed for predicting collapse for the two loading conditions considered. Collapse pressures predicted by the proposed formulas for uniform collapse pressure are approximately 25% lower than those values predicted by the current ASTM formula. Collapse pressures for linearly varying pressure were found to be 12% higher than the corresponding values for uniform pressure. When the radial stiffness of the surrounding medium is included in the analysis, the collapse pressure resistance of the casing was found to be significantly increased over the collapse resistance of an unsupported casing.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA sequence of simple statistical tests was used to interpret the data from a routine water sampling project for a stream that was contaminated with effluent from a sewage treatment plant. The contamination of this stream was apparent from the murky condition of the water and its pungent odor. The outlet of the sewage treatment plant enters the stream at its origin.The chemical variables analysed were Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, nitrates, TDS, and hardness. Background data from other streams in this drainage basin and data from the stream under investigation were subjected to cluster analysis in order to classify the sampled area into geochemical provinces. The contaminated stream under investigation comprised one province and the background streams constituted another province. A linear regression performed on the data showed a statistically significant decrease of several variables with increasing distance from the outlet of the sewage treatment plant. An abrupt decrease in concentration of iron some 450 m below the plant outlet implied the presence of two populations with different means, which was statistically verified with a trimmed t‐test.Use of these simple tests greatly facilitated interpretation of the dat

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn industrial waste liquid containing organonitrile compounds and nitrate ion has been injected into the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer near Pensacola, Florida since June 1975. Chemical analyses of water from monitor wells and backflow from the injection well indicate that organic carbon compounds are converted to CO2and nitrate is converted to N2. These transformations are caused by bacteria immediately after injection, and are virtually completed within 100 m of the injection well. The zone near the injection well behaves like an anaerobic filter with nitrate respiring bacteria dominating the microbial flora in this zone.Sodium thiocyanate contained in the waste is unaltered during passage through the injection zone and is used to detect the degree of mixing of injected waste liquid with native water at a monitor well 312 m (712 ft) from the injection well. The dispersivity of the injection zone was calculated to be 10 m (33 ft). Analyses of samples from the monitor well indicate 80 percent reduction in chemical oxygen demand and virtually complete loss of organonitriles and nitrate from the waste liquid during passage from the injection well to the monitor well. Bacterial densities were much lower at the monitor well than in backflow from the injection well.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY