ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStep‐drawdown tests of a well in a dolomite aquifer in north‐central Ohio, before and after it was enlarged from 10 to 12 inches (250 to 300 millimetres) in diameter, indicate changes in the well‐loss constant, the exponent for turbulent flow, and the formation loss factor. The calculated difference in drawdown resulting from enlarging the well is of little practical importance at rates of 300 to 500 gallons per minute (19 to 31 litres per second), the range of rates at which the well is expected to be pumped, but for higher rates the decrease in drawdown and consequent reduction in power costs could be significant. For a pumping rate of 1,500 gallons per minute (95 litres per second), the decrease in drawdown would be 20.4 feet (6.2 me

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLake rejuvenation efforts in the Upper Midwest are important to the area's economic dependence on high‐quality lakes for tourism. In developing eutrophication studies for lakes in this area, it is essential to determine the thickness of aquifer communicating with the lake, as a preliminary to calculation of the lake flushing rate. The thickness of communicating aquifer is particularly critical for lakes fed primarily by ground‐water recharge, e.g. Snake Lake, Wisconsin. Through use of observation wells and chloride tracer analysis, effective aquifer thickness at Snake Lake is determined to be 30 to 50 feet. However, the local flow systems are additionally found to be highly variable through the progression of seasons. The possible effect of such dynamic seasonal fluctuations on the local flow system should be considered in eutrophication studies to avoid possible improper siting of underground chemical and/or petroleum storage facilities and septic tanks in glacial deposit environme

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExact solution to the problem of unsteady drawdown in a leaky artesian aquifer due to a constant discharge nonpenetrating well is presented. Finiteness of the well radius and aquifer anisotropy are considered in formulating the problem. Solution is derived on the assumption that the flux entering the pumped well is uniformly distributed over the plane circular bottom of the well. The aquifer is considered to be finite in thickness, but of infinite lateral extent. The flow of ground water is assumed to be governed by Jacob's model of linear leakage. Laplace transformation technique is employed in the theoretical development. The drawdown function is numerically integrated in terms of dimensionless parameters of the flow system and the results are depicted in graphs.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA method is presented for selecting ground‐water flow paths by comparing modeled and measured hydraulic conductivity distributions. A flow chart is included which shows the steps followed in selecting the concept of groundwater flow which best fits measured hydrogeologic conditions.Both noneffluent and effluent stream conditions are evaluated using the method. Residual maps of hydraulic conductivity are used to show how modeled hydraulic conductivity may be as much as 300 times that expected when the wrong concept is used. Flow nets of modeled and measured data downstream from a flood‐water‐retarding structure are developed using the selected hydrogeologic conditions.Fitting hydraulic conductivity data results in a distribution of ground‐water flow paths which better represent actual flow conditions. The method provides a unique means of calibrating a model in a pilot test area and applying it to geologically similar nearby watersheds. It is also useful for checking paths of subsurface flow where flow distribution is important as it is in the movement of chemical pollutants or nutrients from a source of recharge, such as a watershed impoundment, to downstream

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInformation from 675 water wells in and around Phelps County, Missouri shows that discrete areas of differing ground‐water quality can be identified and mapped. The best quality ground water, as judged by its low nitrate content and coliform bacteria density, is found in areas of relatively little agricultural (pasture and livestock) land use. The poorest quality is found in areas of intensely developed karst and greater agricultural land use. The adverse effect of agricultural land use on ground‐water quality is more severe in the intensely developed karst than in the less intensely developed. Rural population density and soil association variations have no readily discernible effects on ground‐water quality. Nitrate content varies seasonally and in response to rainfall, and decreases with increasing well depth. Coliform bacteria density is positively correlated with nitrate co

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe value of the electrical resistivity method as a quantitative indicator of ground‐water resistivity, porosity and effective matrix resistivity is examined through the equivalence of these parameters as manifested in the surface‐measured resistivity of heterogeneous water‐saturated sands. It is demonstrated that, where there are unknown variations in porosity, the mapping of groundwater resistivity is most feasible at lower salinities and where porosity is relatively high. Porosity can be determined most exactly at lower values and where groundwater salinity is relatively high. Both these approaches become less efficient as matrix conduction increases. The mapping of effective matrix resistivity is best effected at lower values where this parameter can be approximately monitored against moderate variations in both porosity and ground‐water resistivity. In general, however, where there are unknown and pronounced variations in any two of these parameters, the geoelectrical determination of the third can be so ambiguous that the uncertainty in the estimated value of this parameter can exceed the total range of values encountered in an entire fo

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTChemical analyses of major dissolved constituents in approximately 300 samples of ground water and 60 samples of stream water indicate that the process of ion filtration may control the distribution of some major ionic species in the water of the Saginaw aquifer system. This system, which is in the upper Grand River basin of the central part of the southern peninsula of Michigan, consists of sandstone, shale, coal, and limestone of the Saginaw Formation of Pennsylvanian age and overlying glacially deposited sand and clay of late Wisconsin age.The Saginaw Formation is recharged through the glacially deposited material; however, the concentrations of iron, calcium, sulfate, and chloride are greater in water in the glacial deposits than in water in the underlying Saginaw Formation. It is hypothesized that shale beds in the Saginaw Formation act as ionic filters, allowing water with a lower dissolved‐solids concentration to move through the shale to the sandstone aquifer. A concentration of ions greater than input value forms above the shale beds. Gravity provides the energy necessary to filter the water in a process of reverse osmosis. The similarity of this hydro‐geologic system to other systems suggests that ion filtration may occur in many potable‐water aqu

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe technical feasibility of storing energy in an aquifer is being investigated by Auburn University in a field experiment. Waste hot water from Alabama Power Company's Barry Steam Plant will be pumped into an artesian aquifer, stored, and recovered. The field data will be used by the U.S. Geological Survey to verify numerical models for the analysis of the transport of heat in an artesian aquifer system.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY