ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTC. E. Jacob was the first of a small group of hydrologists who followed C. V. Theis’ lead in application of the theory of nonsteady boundary value problems to both well hydraulics and regional ground‐water movement. Some of his scientific contributions were the explanation of the storage and elastic properties of artesian aquifers, the semi‐log method of aquifer test analysis, methods of analysis of tests on unconfined leaky aquifers, application of doublet theory to paired polarized heat‐pump wells, the theory of step and constant‐head aquifer tests by wells, salt‐water encroachment, the tutelage of hydrology students at several universities, solutions to hundreds of field problems encountered in his extensive consulting activities in many parts of the world, and his method of determining aquifer recharge and transmissivity from the response of water levels in wells to varying natural recharge. One of his last works was a study of the natural recharge to Southampton on Long Island, which showed that the recharge was much less than the 21 inches per year assumed

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFour subsurface disposal wells have been drilled and completed in Alabama. These are: Stauffer Chemical Company, Mobile County; Ciba‐Geigy, Inc., Washington County; U. S. Steel Corp., Jefferson County; and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., Tuscaloosa County. The Geological Survey of Alabama has been directly involved in all four projects. The Survey served as a consultant to the Alabama Water Improvement Commission, the State agency responsible for protection of surface and ground water in Alabama, on the Stauffer and Ciba‐Geigy projects, and as consultant and supervisor on the U. S. Steel Corporation and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., projects. These projects were undertaken as a research effort to insure that the responsible State agencies are fully cognizant of all aspects of this method of waste disposal. It is a policy in Alabama that subsurface disposal is permissible for some wastes if the well is properly designed and completed in an appropriate geologic environment and if conventional methods of waste treatment have been evaluated and proved to be inadequate.The Stauffer well, operating at 75 gallons per minute and 500 psi, is the only subsurface disposal system, other than oilfield brine disposal wells, that is currently in operation. The Stauffer and Ciba‐Geigy wells are in the Coastal Plains geological province and the U. S. Steel and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., wells are in Paleozoic sediments of the Warrior Basin. A general discussion of the geology, drilling, completion, and testing techniques is presented for the two geologic provinces inv

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe storage of both liquids and gases in underground strata has become rather common in Illinois.The problem of disposal of fluid industrial wastes has caused greatest concern, especially for the possible effects on ground‐water quality. Necessary precautions have been established in the requirements of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) which has authority to control, prevent, and abate pollution of streams, lakes, ponds, and other surface and underground waters in the State. Before any construction can begin on storage in subsurface strata, a permit must be secured from the IEPA. Eight basic design policies have been adopted that have to be met before a construction permit will be issued.Sandstone, limestone, and dolomite are the basic lithologies most commonly considered as potential disposal reservoirs in Illinois. From well cores of such formations, essential laboratory studies are conducted defining the rate of fluid movement, porosity, and permeability of the rock and the pressure distribution within the aquifer.Plugging of the injection horizon is the most serious cause of damage to a fluid injection system and results from the forming of an impermeable deposit on the well bore or plugging in the formation itself. In either case the plugging may result from a number of listed causes.To date there have been four industrial waste disposal wells in Illinois. Variation in conditions is illustrated by these cases of disposal wells that have been authorized by the State.The first practical use of underground gas storage in Illinois was at Waterloo in 1950. Since then, the number of projects and their capacities have grown continuously. At the present time there are 24 underground gas storage projects. Gas injection pressures must be kept below the fracturing pressure of the caprock. In underground gas storage reservoirs in Illinois, injection pressures of approximately 0.55 psi per foot are often used.Secondary recovery by water flooding accounted for 73.4 percent of the total oil production in Illinois during 1968. In that year there were 880 active projects in Illinois with 13,107 water injection wells that injected 2581 million gallons of wate

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTArtificial recharge with tertiary treated sewage effluent has been suggested as one remedial measure for projected ground‐water deficits in the Chicago region. A deep sandstone aquifer, an important source of ground water in the region, offers the best opportunity for artificial recharge. Recharge will be through wells since the aquifer is deeply buried. Expected problems in maintaining well injection capacity were studied by recharging treated effluent through formation cores of the sandstone. Some success was had in maintaining recharge rates at constant heads for several day

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA comprehensive examination was made of a shallow farm well which was contaminated with persistent pesticides when contaminated soil was used as backfill material around the well casing. The well location was less than 25 feet from a site previously used for flushing an insecticide sprayer.Pesticide level in the water has been monitored for more than 4 years, during which a gradual decline in concentration has occurred. Soil core samples taken in the area surrounding the well indicate relatively high surface contamination but very little downward movement. Sediment samples from the bottom of the well exhibited highest concentration of all samples.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA leak in a product gasoline pipeline near the City of Los Angeles has caused contamination of a valuable groundwater supply. Since 1968, it is estimated that 250,000 gallons of gasoline have seeped into the underground reservoir, limiting the value of a well field adjacent to the contaminated area.Remedial measures include extensive analytical studies of the two‐fluid flow system as well as an all out effort in the field to try and clean up the gasoline and restore the aquifer to service. The field methods involve an elaborate system of “skimming” wells designed to produce a high gasoline/water ratio and on‐site treatment facilities at many locations throughout the area. To date, 50,000 gallons of free gasoline have been removed from the aquifer in this

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPetroleum contamination of ground water is a widespread problem that plagues many areas. Historical data collected in Maryland indicates that most counties in the State record cases of this contamination problem annually. Cases in the “hard‐rock areas” west of the Fall Zone have the highest frequency of occurrence, in contrast to the Coastal Plain geologic province to the east. In both areas, the problems have been very localized. It is difficult to handle petroleum contamination cases, and the legal implications are very complex. A disturbing factor is that many petroleum fuels do not deteriorate in the ground‐water system. Further, the identification of specific petroleum products in ground water is generally not possible with present techniques. An investigation of a particular complaint can often be split into a preliminary phase and a detailed site investigation phase. Once a source of contamination is located, it must be stopped or removed. Since it is virtually impossible to remove the contaminant from the ground water, legal and regulatory problems continue on for months or years after an original co

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1971.tb03578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY