ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe outlook for Congressional legislation resolving iong‐time controversies over waters of the Colorado River, optimistic in 1966, has been dimmed by political misunderstanding. The essential ingredient of progress ‐harmony between Arizona and California water leaders ‐has been lost. They worked together on a bill to bring peace to the river and economic advantage to themselves and all Lower Colorado River Basin States. They got to the threshold, but not across it.Unless falling short of complete success has irreparably upset the delicate balance of Arizona‐California interests, they must inevitably rejoin forces to reach their mutual goals. When and if they do, we believe the background for action and the proposed legislation outlined here will continue to be their best means of com

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Geological Survey has been the foremost agency in the investigation of ground‐water resources in the United States beginning about 1910. Most of the basic principles of modern ground‐water hydrology were developed in the Survey's program of cooperative investigations.Use of ground water in the United States in 1960 was about 17½ percent of all water uses, excluding water power. The use will probably increase, though at a decreasing rate. Although amount of use may level off, the need to know about it will not.While coordinating its activities with those of the Office of Water Data Coordination and the Office of Water Resources Research, the Survey expects to step up its work in all three areas of data collection, investigations, and research. However, there will be changes of emphasis.Collection of raw data will tend to stress key observation points, and more and more observation of temperature and quality, including contaminants. Investigations will be aimed at upgrading reconnaissance coverage to general coverage for most of the Nation. The areal basis will be stream drainage basins and special hydrologic terranes, rather than political units. There will be an increase in the preparation of analog models for representative ground‐water systems.In research, the problem‐oriented basis will continue. Stress will be on basic principles that pertain to artificial recharge, and the natural recharge and discharge of ground‐water reservoirs; and also on the application of geologic principles on a regional scale. These are critical elements in the management of surface‐water and ground‐water resources conjunctively i

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractValley City, North Dakota, has an average daily water use of 750,000 gallons, which is obtained from wells tapping pattly confined gravel deposits in the Sheyenne River valley. These deposits at Valley City have a maximum thickness of more than 50 feet and an areal extent of approximately 1 square mile. The aquifer has been artificially recharged successfully since 1932 by diversion of water from the Sheyenne River to an abandoned gravel pit. During this time the piezometric surface in the aquifer has been raised more than 22 feet.Prior to 1958, the recharge system was operated from January until June; however, when the piezometric surface rose to within about 8 feet of the surface, the recharge operation was discontinued. Between June and January the piezometric surface declined as ground water was withdrawn. During the recharge‐discharge cycle, the average annual fluctuation of the piezometric surface was 10 feet, amounting to a change in storage of about 1,000 acre‐feet of water. Since 1958, the recharge system has been operated throughout the year. There has been a gradual improvement in the quality of the water in the aquifer since the installation of the recharge sys

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe rapidly increasing development of ground‐water resources in northeastern Illinois has brought about regional and local problems of water supply, thus creating considerable interest in the feasibility of artificial recharge as a partial solution. Artificial ground‐water recharge is considered as a partial solution to regional and local problems of water supply in the primarily metropolitan region of northeastern Illinois. Five artificial recharge facilities are now in operation in the area; their average annual recharge rates range from 25,000 to 395,000 gallons per day (gpd). Several additional areas where artificial recharge may be feasible are identified on the basis of criteria established for the region.An initial study in the Park Forest‐Chicago Heights area indicates that recharge to the Silurian dolomite aquifer, the source of water supply in the area, is feasible. This study provides guidelines to aid in additional studies of artificial recharge in northeastern Ill

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is presented for determining values of u and W(u) for u greater than 0.01 from time‐drawdown data without the use of graphical approximations or type‐curves. The method utilizes the function Z(u) which is defined in the paper and makes possible the application of statistical analyses of test data for bounded aquifers and other types of complex field problems. If the field data are taken so that t is a consecutive multiple of two, the method can be applied directly to the drawdown observations. An example of this method used to analyze test data for a bounded aquifer and a table of values of W(u) and Z(u) for selected values of u between 0.01 and 4.6 are also presen

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcidizing water wells to increase yield has proved to be an uneconomical method of well development or rehabilitation in some cases where the aquifer permeability was low and normal operating head great, in wells affected by methane gas, or where the practical sustained yield of the aquifer had been exceeded. Illinois studies show that controlled pumping tests before, during and after development are necessary to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation methods employed. Geologic definition of aquifers and records of pumpage and water‐level information are invaluable aid

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo case histories are presented which illustrate that by analyzing drill cuttings or bailed samples, by knowing total depth of a test hole and position of the static water level, and by studying the driller's log, not only can a well's yield be predicted—but also drawdown may be predicted for any well in advance of a pumping test.The estimation of specific capacity (gpm/ft of drawdown) is invaluable in well design, particularly in the United States, where drilling contractors work rapidly and efficiently. Knowledge of probable specific capacity can aid in recommending proper screen length, diameter, slot width, and setting. It will enable cost estimates for proper pump size to be made, for casing requirements to be determined, and also for ultimate well diameter and depth to be determined. Test‐pump setting can also be anticipated.Case History No. 1 illustrates the above techniques, and how a new well was drilled, developed, designed, and completed adjacent to a poorly designed and equipped water well. The new well proved to be nine times more efficient (i. e., “better”) than the old well. Reasons for this improvement are shown, and the two wells are compared and contrasted.Case History No. 2 shows data from a constant‐rate pumping test following calculation of a well's specific capacity using estimates of aquifer permeability. Analysis of dynamic water‐level recovery measurements resulted in a transmissibility of 16,150 gpd/ft compared to an estimated 16,000 gpd/ft from a visual inspection of sand analysis grading curves. The well's specific capacity was estimated to be between 8.4 and 8.9 gpm/ft of drawdown. The measured specific capacity was 8.35 gpm/ft with an efficiency of 85 percent. Actual permeability was 230 gpd/ft compared to the estimated 228 gpd/ft2!Six figures are included showing well construction details, sieve analysis curves, a semi‐log plot of recovery measurements obtained during an aquifer pumping test, and graphic representations of approximate permeabilities for granular materials ranging from clay/silt to fine gravel. Six tables give characteristics of samples recovered from two test wells, permeability estimates of the disturbed samples, approximate permeabilities of various granular materials, and specific capacities for 100 percent effective water wells with varying diameters, coefficients of storage, and pumping periods. Three photographs further illustrate the principles enumerated.The methods described can give acceptable results (although they may not be as spectacular as the two detailed case histories) if sound judgement is used; if local conditions are somewhat known; if sampling methods are described; and if the procedures are not abused by expecting extreme accuracy. A reasonable estimate, or perhaps, just a close scientific “guesstimate” is all that should be hoped for by the hydrogeologist and his client in predicting well yields. But these techniques are a great advance over the“forked peach stick” philosophy still used for similar purposes by pseudo‐scientists in the United States and foreign countries (although no cases where a dowser or “water witch” has successfully predicted drawdown in addition to yield have come to the attention of the writer).The data in this report are derived from approximately 500 wells or more designed by the author in 26 States and in many locations abroad. Rather good success has been obtained regarding close correlation between estimated and measured specific capacities from a variety of geologic environm

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY