ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn an investigation of the hydrogeology of bedrock valley fills in northeastern Wisconsin, it was determined that the yield and spatial distribution of glacial aquifers are controlled by bedrock topography and glacial geology. Lithologic control for identification and classification of aquifer units was obtained from several hundred drillers' logs calibrated by auger borings and interviews. Transmissivities of drift aquifers calculated from specific capacity tests using Jacob's equation agree well with estimates made from lithologic logs. Seismic refraction and gravity surveys were coupled with well log data to derive a bedrock elevation map. Vertical variability maps calculated from the lithologic logs show that bedrock topography strongly influences the distribution and character of glacial units, and clearly delineate the two glacial aquifer types present, valley and morainal units. Morainal units parallel the Late Wisconsin end moraine trends, while valley units are perpendicular to the moraines. The morainal units are small ice‐contact features such as kames, fans, and deltas. The valley units are stream deposits and may have been deposited subglacially. Valley aquifers are the most productive units. Using lithologic and geophysical data, and statistical analysis, a predictive depositional model can be proposed. This conceptual model allows knowledge of bedrock topography to be coupled with glacial geology to predict the spatial distribution of glacial aquifer

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationship between fracture traces mapped on aerial photographs and joints mapped in the field were examined for a synclinal basin, near Three Forks, Montana, Fracture traces mapped in the southern half of the Milligan Canyon area by stereoscopic examination of aerial photographs show a predominant east‐west and north‐south orientation.A total of 4,675 joint orientation measurements made in the field also showed predominant north‐south and east‐west orientations. The similarity suggests that mapped fracture traces reflect areas of joint and fracture concentrations in the subsurface and may be a valuable water exploration tool in Tertiary basins of

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBecause of the feeding of waste heat over many years into the aquifers of the city of Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany, a subsurface energy resource has been built up. By analyzing the temperature measurements in ground water by means of a computer programme the isolines of the energy resource and of the recoverable amount of heat can be determined and represented. Practical application of the results of these investigations is important for the planning and design of heat pump units in agglomeration areas. In conclusion, prognoses on future temperature distribution in aquifers of the city of Cologne are made.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty‐three wells and two springs yielding high chloride water from granitic rocks define a northwesttrending lineament, which extends for 60 miles (100 km) along the western Sierra Nevada foothills of Fresno and Madera Counties. Geochemical evidence indicates that many of the constituents in this water are marine connate in origin. However, the connate water has been strongly diluted with meteoric water. The connate water is believed to have been derived from Paleozoic and early Mesozoic marine clastic rocks (now metamorphosed) in the Sierra Nevada. The lineament marks the location where marine connate water has migrated upward from these rocks along an eastward‐dipping fault zone. A capping of granitic rocks has enhanced the persistence of this connate water for millions of years. The lineament may be structurally related to the Oakhurst‐Fine Gold fault zone, which it parallels for approximately 15 miles (25 km). There is a remarkable correlation in the Oakhurst area between wells yielding high‐chloride water and fracture trends determined from aerial photographs. High chloride ground water is present only in topographically low areas, where little flushing by meteoric water has been p

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty‐eight vertical electrical soundings were completed in the west‐central Gulf Coast area of Florida. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the resistivity method for locating the fresh‐water/salt‐water interface in the karstic Floridan aquifer.Four geoelectric layers dominate the study area. The upper three are related to lithostratigraphy and correspond to: (1) surficial sands; (2) a karstic, highly‐transmissive carbonate zone; and (3) a less porous carbonate zone. The lowest layer represents a zone saturated with salt water and with a resistivity of less than one ohmmeter. Toward the coast, the fresh‐water/salt‐water interface rises, and fewer geoelectric layers are observed because pore‐water conductivity masks lithostratigraphic changes.Interface data interpreted from resistivity measurements agree with other hydrologic data. The study indicates that surface electrical methods can provide information on the interface position and can provide hydrologic information between wells u

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo bedrock valleys, filled with glacial outwash material, were investigated with Schlumberger resistivity soundings. Aquifer electrical resistivities were determined for 16 vertical electrical soundings at seven sites in southern Rhode Island where pumping tests had been run previously. Resistivities for the different aquifer materials were derived with boring log control. The auxiliary point methods were used to reduce the aquifer layering to a single representative resistivity value. Relationships between the representative aquifer resistivity and aquifer permeability and transmissivity were derived.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWell‐field drawdowns in the Jay B. Starkey Wilderness Park in southwestern Pasco County, Florida were investigated using a coupled aquifer model developed by Motz (1978). In the model, water pumped from an underlying artesian aquifer is derived from leakage through an overlying confining bed. It is assumed that the leakage is derived from a reduction in evapotranspiration from the overlying water‐table aquifer. This process is represented by a coefficient (e) that is a linear representation of the rate at which evapotranspiration is reduced per unit of water‐table drawdown. This investigation in the Jay B. Starkey Wilderness Park provides an example of how the hydrologic coefficients in the coupled aquifer model can be calibrated from observed pumping and water‐level data and how water‐table and artesian aquifer drawdowns resulting from an increase in the pumping rate subsequently can be estimated. A value of e = 1.12 × 10−3gpd/ft3(1.76 × 10−9sec−1) was obtained by matching calculated water‐table drawdowns to water‐table drawdowns attributed to the pumping effects of five production wells in the western part of the park. Five alternative plans for expanding the well field were examined, and it was recommended that the central and eastern parts of the park be deve

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe proper collection of ground‐water samples for analysis of organic compounds differs substantially from routine inorganic constituents because the former are easily contaminated and generally appear in the parts per billion range.Much of the sampling equipment that has been developed at the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory during the past few years is constructed from Teflon or glass. While the former is expensive and the latter is fragile, neither contaminate or modify a water sample as does rubber, metal and most plastics.Designs are provided for a grab sampler, a continuous sampler consisting of adsorbent columns, a protective housing for a sampling system, a continuous discharge/high lift glass pump, and a system for obtaining highly volatile organic compounds from the unsaturated zon

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Trescott, Pinder, Larson (Trescott and others, 1976) finite‐difference flow model was modified and used to simulate potentiometric surface changes caused by the development of a proposed open‐pit anthracite mine. The modifications to the program code were made to account for site‐specific hydrogeologic conditions and to simulate the mining operation. In order to account for vertical changes in hydraulic conductivity caused by underground mine voids, the coefficient subroutine (COEF) was modified to permit the value of hydraulic conductivity to vary with depth. The lateral growth and deepening of the mine were simulated by changing the data input subroutine (DATAI) to allow the number, location, and hydraulic head of constant‐head nodes to vary with the time period. The mass balance subroutine (CHECKI) was modified to print out the flux into each constant‐head node at the end of each time period, thereby permitting calculation of changes in the rate of ground‐water flow into the mine.Site‐specific values of hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, aquifer recharge, streambed permeability, and hydraulic head initially were used in the modeling studies. Input parameter values were adjusted within the range of established field values during steady‐state model calibration. It was not possible to calibrate the transient model because the mining operation was in the planning stage and, therefore, no historical data existed. Nonetheless, transient simulations using the adjusted input parameter values and the simulated hydraulic head values were made to show that it is possible to model potentiometric surface changes caused by ground‐water flow into an open‐pit mine. These simulations predicted that, after eight years of mining, a cone of depression approximately 20,000‐feet long, 8000‐feet wide, and 1000‐feet deep would form around the proposed mine. The results of the transient simulations were used in a preliminary manner to assess the potential hydrogeologic impact of the

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY