ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApproximately 740,000 tons (670,000 metric tons) of eastern bituminous coal fly ash were deposited at the abandoned Zullinger limestone quarry from 1973 to 1980. The quarry extended below the water table and was not lined to isolate the ash from the aquifer. The initial filling involved dumping ash directly into the quarry water. The quarry was situated in folded and fractured limestone with relatively high solution‐void permeability. Ground‐water quality was monitored at the site for seven years through a network of wells. During the first three years of the filling operation, high levels of sulfate were detected in down‐gradient ground water. However, this initial pollution diminished sharply in 1976 when the ash filled the volume of the quarry below the water table. Long‐term ground‐water pollution has apparently not resulted. The lack of any significant long‐term impact on ground‐water quality is attributed to the low permeability of the ash relative to the surrounding limestone aquifer. Typically alkaline limestone ground water at the site is also attributed with neutralizing the low pH fly ash which

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author has used the concept of depression cone volume to derive type curve equations for large‐diameter wells in aquifers of finite extent. Comparisons with the corresponding type curves in an infinitely extensive aquifer have been given. These solutions are based on joint exploitation of the ground‐water movement equation (Darcy's law) and the continuity equation for large‐diameter

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of a simplified water resource system consisting of a single surface reservoir and adjacent aquifer storage operated as a coupled flow buffering device is investigated on an annual scale to provide insight into the most important physical and climatic (streamflow) parameters governing cyclic storage performance. The hypo thetical system is fully characterized by aquifer capacity, pumping and recharge capacity, surface storage size, annual demand, and reservoir inflow statistics, including annual mean, coefficient of variation, skew coefficient, lag one correlation coefficient, and Hurst coefficient. System performance under a range of these parameters is reviewed via Monte Carlo simulation; for the cases considered system performance is almost always limited by total system storage (sum of surface and aquifer storage). A preliminary economic analysis indicates that the cost of providing flow buffering via development of subsurface storage is about an order of magnitude less than for surface storage in the cases considered.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA computer program is presented for interactive, user‐oriented calculation of permeabilities from slug tests using Hvorslev's formulae for filters in uniform soil. The analysis scheme is cost‐efficient and allows for simple sensitivity analy

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe majority of well fields in the river region in the Netherlands, where anaerobic water is withdrawn from the shallow aquifer, have problems with well clogging. In order to test the supposition that sulfate‐reducing bacteria play a role in this clogging process, sulfate‐reducing bacteria in water from wells on well fields with and without the occurrence of clogging were enumerated. In water withdrawn from nonclogging wells, the Most Probable Number of sulfate‐reducing bacteria averaged 5 per 100 ml, whereas in wells subject to clogging, the number averaged 25 per 100 ml. A statistical analysis by Wilcoxon's order test confirmed that a significant difference exists between the numbers of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in clogging and nonclogging wells. The mechanism whereby sulfate‐reducing bacteria contribute towards this type of well clogging is as ye

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent trends in solid waste management seem to favor the establishment of minimum performance criteria for waste facilities, as opposed to case by case detailed operational requirements. This implies some generally acceptable upper limit of contamination, say as provided by the primary and secondary Maximum Concentration Level (MCL's) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Not so easily defined is the compliance point at which the MCL's may be applied, which can range from the solid waste boundary (a containment option) to some alternative boundary outside the actual waste facility (a retardation option). In either case, it follows that any contaminant migration into the public domain beyond the acceptable boundary must enter below the MCL. The containment option would appear to be strictly a matter of engineering design of the waste facility. With the retardation option, however, there is need for a simplified procedure for assessment of the hydrogeologic environment responsible for retardation and attenuation of the contaminant stream. These are largely dilution and reaction processes. In this paper, some mechanisms of dilution are examined, including geometrical spreading of a contaminant plume, recharge from precipitation, and mixing with surface‐water bodies. This analysis focuses on average value calculations that constitute a semiquantitative measure of the dilution potential of waste sites prior to intensive investigations. For compliance and regulatory purposes, a simple model for maximum concentration predictions is developed for one‐dimensional steady flow and dispersion in directions perpendicular to the flow path. This model is reasonably operational with a minimum of data in that it avoids chemical reaction and the inherent fitted parameter known as longitudinal dispersion, and employs the actual measured concentration at the solid waste boundary as a boundary condition. The model thus provides a conservative estimate of whether or not minimum performance standards will be achieved at an alternative bound

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) may be enhanced by wider applications of vadose zone monitoring. More than 50 different vadose zone monitoring techniques are referenced. Fourteen different criteria are established for selecting alternative vadose zone monitoring methods. These monitoring methods are categorized according to premonitoring techniques, sampling methods and nonsampling methods which could be applied in the vadose zone. Two conceptual cases are presented covering vadose zone monitoring at a hazardous waste disposal impoundment. The rationale for the monitoring program at a new impoundment and for an active impoundment is presented. The material constitutes the first phase of a vadose zone monitoring manual.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Kansas Geological Survey is pursuing an effort to automate some of the more common methods of aquifer pumping‐test analysis. This paper discusses the results of work done on the leaky artesian aquifer as defined by Hantush and Jacob (1955). The paper covers the basic theory of the aquifer type, the numerical solution of the leaky artesian‐well function, and the methodology of achieving the “best fit” parameters in the least squares' sense. Several data sets are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. These examples indicate the generally satisfactory results produced by the automated analysis documented here.The algorithm has good convergence properties. Initial estimates for the aquifer parameters may vary by about three orders of magnitude above or below the correct values. For typical data sets the rms fitting error should be less than a few tenths of a foot. If this is not the case, one is probably not dealing with a simple leaky aquifer. This method of pumping‐test analysis does not eliminate the role of an experienced hydrologist to define the local hydrogeology and aquifer type. However, once the decision is made as to which aquifer configuration is being observed, this program will, in a quick and unbiased fashion, give an accurate assessment of the leaky‐aquifer parameters within the limits of the theoretical approximations and the d

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe presence of multiaquifer or multilayer wells changes the nature of the equations which must be solved in a three‐dimensional ground‐water flow simulation and, in effect, alters the stencil of computation. A method has been devised which takes this change into consideration by allowing simulation of the hydraulic effects of a multiaquifer well on the aquifer system. It also allows for calculation of the water level and individual aquifer discharges in such a well. The method is valid for the case of a single well located at the center of a square node block. Where more than one well per node is involved, the effects of the stencil alteration still must be considered, although difficulties arise in estimating and justifying the parameters to be utili

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY