ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA graphical solution is presented for the determination of total drawdown of partially penetrating wells. This simplified solution agrees with the more complicated exact solution and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of such wells.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWastewater disposal by a combination of soil infiltration and evapotranspiration is better than disposal through centralized sewerage systems, because the first alternative returns wastewater nutrients where they belong—to growing plants—rather than discharge the pollutants where they cause damage through eutrophication of lakes and rivers, as the second alternative does.Wastewater disposal by soil infiltration and evapotranspiration achieves advantages for our much abused environment only if three conditions are met: (1) sufficient land area is available, (2) strong microbial activities are evident, and (3) water‐supply wells are protected.The proposed method for design and area calculation of seepage beds stresses—in addition to the quality of soil—the importance of microbial actions to keep the soil pores open. For silt‐loam‐clay mixtures of soils, the required seepage bed area varies from 365 sq ft (34 m2) to 640 sq ft (60 m2) for average households if actions of higher aerobic microorganisms are strong.Water‐supply wells located on the same property are protected from wastewater contamination by natural purification in deep layers of undisturbed soil. The protective distance between mouth of well and seepage bed has a vertical and a horizontal component, the former determined by the depth of the well. The need for a sufficiently long horizontal component influences the required property size. It also depends on the types of soil at deeper layers. For an 80 ft deep well for example, the horizontal protective distance varies from 80 ft (24 m) for silt‐loam mixtures to 140 ft (42 m) for sand‐silt mixtures.Wastewater can be entirely evaporated, if soil infiltration would be a hazard to water‐supply wells. Evapotranspiration beds of 2000 sq ft (186 m2) with strong microbial activity are needed f

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHybrid wells (a type of collector well) offer a method of increasing the specific capacity of a deep well. A regular deep well is combined with a gallery constructed similar to the qanats, a labor‐intensive technology found in the Middle East. Qanats, tunnels that tap ground water for water supplies, are described. The author explains: (1) the method of constructing hybrid wells, (2) some theoretical considerations using the nonequilibrium equation for pumping tests and the Donnan equation for drain design, and (3) the economic gains from hybrid well

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe District, comprising 15 counties and nearly 10,000 square miles in central western Florida centering on the Tampa‐St. Petersburg metropolitan area, is one of the nation's most rapidly growing areas. Water‐budget analyses compared with expected water demands for water by the burgeoning population indicate that by about 1985, if the present population growth rates and water‐use demands persist, we will be using as much water as nature supplies us with on the long‐term average annual basis, for once‐only uses. After that, to supply the water needed, we will either “mine” water on a District‐wide scale or bring about other remedies. Among these are, without attempting to list them in order of priorities:1Reuse water again and again by cleaning it up and recharging the aquifers with both high‐grade sewage effluent either by land‐spreading or by injection through recharge wells into the aquifers.2Engage in desalination of the almost limitless quantities of brackish ground water, especially in the coastal areas where salt‐water encroachment is occurring on a large scale.3Induce aquifer recharge by creating storage space in the aquifers in areas that are currently full to overflowing. In such areas precipitation is now largely rejected as recharge and ground‐water seepage is lost to evapotranspiration.4Effect economies of water use by both industry and agriculture—by far the largest users of water in our District—by regulation of amounts that may be used for irrigation and for various other industrial and agricultural processes.5Divert flood waters from direct runoff to the oceans to temporary flood detention areas from which water can be drawn off to aquifer recharge facilities.6By permit processes regulate the amounts of water that can be withdrawn for any purpose from either ground‐or surface‐water sources in the District thus preventing overdraft and resultant lowered water levels and, in some areas additional salt‐water encroachment.7Eliminate waste of water, particularly the existing large losses from thousands of existing wild‐flowing artesian wells.8Develop new, large well fields upgradient from the large coastal springs that now are discharging along our Gulf Coast, a total of about 900 mgd, none of which is now used for water supply.9Space new well fields for regional water‐supply purposes widely over the District and arrange for organization of regional water‐distribution and use systems.10As soon as feasible engage in rainmaking to augment nature's normal precipitation.Under nature's irrigation supply‐demand pattern and man's previously unmanaged and all‐too‐often wasteful usage growing beyond all previous expectations, the water supply and the flood‐and‐drought situation have become impossible to live with. But with proper management of our water and land resources the tide can be changed, and it will be possible to live comfortably within our available resources. It will cost us more but the increased cost is the price we must pay to live in an area where demands on the water res

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract. Since 1964, this geologist has used surficial geology to locate hundreds of water wells in fractured crystalline rocks of the Colorado Rockies. The techniques, procedures and priorities that have been established during that period have been incorporated into a training program that is used to teach new personnel how to determine the best water well location on a given tract.In summary, new geologists are taught how to determine the water needs of the client, “read” the surficial geology, determine the best or controlling water associated features of the area, determine the depths of the wells to take maximum advantage of geohydrologic conditions, and prepare a report in layman's terms so that the client fully understands the ground‐water conditions and what can be expected from wells.By using these methods, our staff is able to maintain a 95%+ success ratio and provide these services at a reasonable fee. This paper will present our program which should be applicable to any area that has similar ge

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1973.tb02974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY