摘要:

AbstractNatural occurrence of tobacco rattle virus in rye (Secale cereale) in the Federal Republic of GermanyNear Bergen/Dumme in northern Germany, in an area known for the occurrence of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) on potatoes, 5–10 % of rye plants of one experimental plot were severely stunted and showed distinct chlorotic mottling of leaves. In these plants TRV was identified on the basis of particle morphology and serology (Immunoelectron microscopy and ELISA). TRV was also detected inCapsella bursa‐pastorisandStellaria mediafrom an area adjacent to the rye plot but not in nearby commercial rye fie

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndohyphae inBotrytis cinereaPers.Genesis, following differentiation and significance for pathogenesisThe formation of endohyphae (secondary hyphae) in different cell types ofBotrytis cinereaPers. (6 isolates) is described. The following differentiation possibilities of these endohyphae within and—after egress—outside their cells of origin are presented. The influence of external factors (substrate, temperature, humidity, O2‐concentration) on these processes is considered. The significance of the endohyphae for pathogenesis is mainly due to their direct infectivity as well as the ability to develop normal myc

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe coat proteins of tymo‐, tombus‐, como‐, nepo‐, tobamo‐, potex‐, carla‐ and potyviruses were subjected to sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electro‐blotted onto nitrocellular membranes and reacted with homologous and heterologous antìsera to intact plant viruses. Immune complexes were detected after reaction with alkaline phosphatase‐labelled goat anti‐rabbit antibodies. SDS coat proteins of comoviruses reacted only with antisera which were homologous for their intact particles. In all other groups, however, a rather broad range of serological relationships was detected. With a number of viruses, serological relations to other members of the same group were demonstrated for the first time. SDS coat proteins of maclura mosaic virus, a possible potyvirus, and of beet necrotic yellow vein virus, a possible tobamovirus, did not react with antisera to definitive members of the respective groups. Several unexpected reactivities of SDS coat proteins of viruses from one group with antisera to viruses in other groups were, however, also observed. This indicated that electro‐blot immunoassay, like other serological methods, cannot be used reliably to assign a virus to a certain group. The SDS coat proteins of several tombusviruses were able to mimic serological reactions by a direct binding of enzymelabelled antibodies which occurred also

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined whether viroids may be involved as the causative agents of forest damages which have been observed in Germany during the last decade. A crude RNA extract was prepared from healthy and diseased copper beech, spruce, and pine trees and was analysed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis which resolves RNA bands in the molecular weight range from 25,000 to 106. Viroids are known to consist of single stranded circular RNA and are clearly differentiable in the electrophoresis used here from cellular RNA. Viroids could not be found in any of the samples investigated. In all samples from diseased trees, however, other additional RNA bands were discovered which were more similar to cellular RNA than to viroids in their electrophoretic properties. It is uncertain whether these diseased‐associated RNAs are due to an infection or originate from a modified nucleic acid metabol

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom naturally infected barley plants two types of barley yellow mosaic viruses have been isolated in Federal Republic of Germany. Both are identical in morphology, showing a bimodal length distribution (270–289 nm and 568–600 nm), and in symptomatology. Both induce conspicuous cytoplasmic inclusions of the pinwheel type and laminated aggregates, as well as threedimensional crystal‐like arrays of membrane material. The types differ, however, in buoyant density, serology, and transmissibility. One is transmissible by soil as well as mechanically (BaYMV‐M), and does not react with a Japanese antiserum to the Japanese virus (BaYMV‐J). The other type (BaYMV‐NM) is only transmissible by soil and reacts with BaYMV‐J‐antiserum. From mechanically infected plants BaYMV‐M was purified, and an antiserum was produced, from soil‐infected plants only mixtured BaYMV‐NM and ‐M could be obtained. BaYMV‐NM prevailed during winter, but with rising temperatures in spring BaYMV‐M was predominant.BaYMV‐M and the ‐M‐NM mixture had each two species of nucleic acids (2.7–2.8 × 106and 1.4–1.5 × 106d) and two major protein subunit bands were found in

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ZusammenfassungTumorinduktion durchA. tumefaciensan Blärtern vonKalanchoewird stark gehemmt durch Zellwandpräparationen aus jungen und reifen Geweben von monocotylen und dicotylen Pflanzen. und aus Tumorzcllen und auch durch Filterpapier‐Homogenate und lebende und totePseudomonas‐Zellen. Die Hemmung wird nachweisbar, wenn die Zellwandpräa‐rationen oder diePseudomonas‐Zellen zugleich mitA. tumefaciensoder vor demA. tumefaciensin pflanzliche Wunden inokuliert werden. Postinokulation bceintflußt die Tumorbildung nicht.Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen zwar das „Attachment” als einen wichtigen Schitt bei der Tumorinduktion, stellen aber die Spezifität des

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFungicidal activity of N‐cetyl N,N,N‐trimethyl ammonium chloride toBotrytis cinereaPers.Grey mould of grapes caused byBotrytis cinereais the most important phytopatho‐logical problem in swiss vineyards, since the appearance of resistant strains to dicarboxi‐mides. Research for new chemicals is necessary. One compound, a cationic surfactant, the N‐cetyl N,N,N‐trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), is very activein vitroagainstBotrytis cinerea. This product disturbs lethally the plasma membrane

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBotrytis cinerea: fungicidal activity in young grape berries ofVitis vinifera(Gamay)Extracts of young grape berries ofVitis vinifera(Gamay) inhibit the germination of conidia ofBotrytis cinerea. This inhibitory activity is present in extracts obtained from clusters at bloom stage and is maintained until a developmental stage close to the maturity. These extracts ruptured the cellular membranes.

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of bleached chitin, 66% and 91% deacetylated chitosan, respectively, as well as some aminosugars onin vitroradialgrowthof several phytopathogenic oomycetes and deuteromycets was studied In contrast to chitin, chitosan was inhibitory to the fungi The antifungal activity depended on the degree of deacetylation, the particle diameter of the polymer, the growth medium and the pH. Likewise, deacetylation of the monomers different media varied, indicating a possible counteraction by the carbohydrate sources.

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiferent concentrations of miceonutrients (with one exception; Table 1) increased the degree of attack on rice plants byXanthomonas oryzae. When a double dose of Mn or Cu was applied or when Mn was omitted, length of lesions was considerably smaller than with all micronutrients on normal concentration. No correlation was found between total phenols, total sugars, reducing sugars, non‐reducing sugars, amino acids, and total nitrogen and lesion development in different micronutrients combination

ISSN:0931-1785    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1984.tb04245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY