摘要:

Chenodeoxycholate (3α, 7α-dihy-droxy-5β-cholanic acid) is a primary bile acid directly synthesized from cholesterol. It is an amphipathic molecule, possessing both a hydro-phobic side and a polar hydrophilic side, giving it the ability to solubilize lipids in a water environment. Bile acids are necessary for the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins. Chenodeoxycholate inhibits the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis, the formation of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A. It was first reported to be useful in the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in 1972. Today, chenodeoxycholate has other medicinal uses and is used for the management of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, hypertriglyceremia, congenital liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and constipation. This article details some finer points of chenodeoxycholate biochemistry and physiology and discusses in some detail the current and past clinical uses of chenodeoxycholate. This is not an exhaustive discussion on gallstone dissolution therapies, but an overview of some of the lesser-known uses for this drug.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Brucellosis is a highly pleomorphic zoonotic infection caused by one of the following four species of gram-negative facultative intra-cellular coccobacilli:Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, orB. canis.The disease is a worldwide public health problem and a significant cause of economic losses in domestic livestock. Although largely eradicated in most industrialized countries, in the United States there has been an upsurge ofB. melitensiscases associated with the ingestion of unpasteurized goat's milk or goat's milk cheese from Mexico. Brucellosis can be either insidious or abrupt in onset and can affect virtually every organ system; skeletal involvement (spondylitis, arthritis) is the most frequent metastatic complication. Cases are diagnosed either by isolation of the bacterium (usually from blood) or by serologic testing. Treatment of brucellosis requires the administration of two antimicrobial agents. Doxycycline plus streptomycin or rifampin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus rifampin appear to be the most effective regimens.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID