摘要:

A spironolactone (Aldactone*) was administered for three weeks to a group of ten patients with primary aldosteronism (Group I) and 80 other hypertensive patients who were categorized on the basis of their plasma renin activity (PRA) results into three other groups (Groups II—IV), those with a hyporesponsive PRA, a normal PRA, or an elevated PRA. Within the three week period on spironolactone, the following patients became normotensive (BP 145/95 or below): seven of ten patients with primary aldosteronism, 32 of 43 patients with a hyporesponsive PRA (primary aldosteronism not present), eight of 24 patients with a normal PRA, and two of 13 with elevated PRA. On the spironolactone there was an average decrease in serum sodium of 3.0 to 4.0 mEq/1 in all four groups. Spironolactone caused an average increase in serum potassium of 1.4 mEq/1 in the patients with primary aldosterouism, but only an increase of 0.4 to 1.0 mEq/1 in the patients in the three other groups. The average increase in blood urea nitrogen ranged from 4.0 to 9.2 mg% uniformly in all the groups. Uric acid increased in isolated patients, but there was no increase in the average level for each group.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and uric acid concentrations, A-B-O and Rh blood groups, and ponderal index have been determined in 330 male blood donors. No correlations were found between the concentration of uric acid and either cholesterol or triglyceride. Association between uric acid concentration and A-B-O group was limited to the white subjects. Uric acid values were distributed similarly in white and Negro subjects, but cholesterol and triglyceride values increased in white subjects between the ages of 21 and 60 years and remained constant in Negroes. Triglyceride values were higher in white subjects, whether healthy, with myocardial infarction, or cerebral thrombosis. These interracial differences were not found among men who chronically consumed a similar high caloric diet. Our data suggest that the interracial differences in the serum content of cholesterol and of triglyceride are attributable to dietary differences. This interpretation is supported by studies performed in Africa and in Europe, which are reviewed. These dietary differences do not influence the serum concentration of uric acid.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A series of anesthetized dogs was perfused using one of two extracorporeal oxygenating devices to study the effects on ventricular performance of these devices. Performance was evaluated by ventricular function curves using stroke volume, stroke work and mean stroke power, each as a function of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Ten dogs were perfused for two hours on a bubble oxygenator and ten on a screen oxygenator. Four control does had a similar two hour period without bypass support. Using fresh homologous dog blood to increase the end-diastolic pressure, ventricular function curves were performed before and each half hour for three hours after perfusion (or no perfusion). Visual analysis of the graphed ventricular function curves did not show consistent differences due to bypass interventions. Consequently, the curves were analyzed by a mathematical technique in which a curve was fit to the ventricular function data by the method of least squares. The parameters describing these curves were examined for statistical differences. No difference between perfusion systems was found. This analytical method appears to be a useful means of studying ventricular function curves.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Glucose induced insulin responses were studied in ten patients with myotonic dystrophy. The influence of human growth hormone levels, sensitivity to exogenous insulin and various clinical aspects of the disorder on insulin secretion were also considered. Four of the ten patients had a mildly abnormal oral glucose tolerance test. The patients were classified according to body weight and impairment of glucose tolerance, and their insulin responses compared to similar groups of patients without muscle disease. Four of the ten patients with myotonic dystrophy showed an excessive insulin response during at least one interval of the glucose tolerance test. Growth hormone and glucose responses to intravenous insulin were entirely normal. There was no correlation between insulin levels and age, sex, duration of disease, degree of muscle involvement, globulin pattern, or growth hormone response. These results indicate that another endocrine or metabolic abnormality, that of excessive insulin levels, can be found in some, but not all, patients with myotonic dystrophy. The mechanisms by which this occurs are obseure but mild glucose intolerance and obesity are at least partial factors.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical value and the mode of action of chlorpropamide treatment was studied in 12 patients with polyuria. Ten patients suffered from pituitary diabetes insipidus, one patient from acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and one patient from psychogenic polydipsia. Chlorpropamide was effective in every patient with pituitary diabetes insipidus, but only in 9 of 10 patients could it be employed on a long-term basis. The drug was effective in a patient with pituitary diabetes insipidus associated with diabetes mellitus, as well as in a patient with primary polydipsia. Chlorpropamide was ineffective in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Initially, 500 to 1000 mg of chlorpropamide was administered daily by mouth; in some cases an introductory dose of 1000 to 1500 mg was given intravenously. The maintenance dose ranged from 250 to 500 mg per day. During prolonged treatment, chlorpropamide antidiuresis progressively increased; several days or weeks were necessary for the development of the optimal antidiurctic effect. Slight to moderate hypoglycemic reactions occurred in eight patients ceasing on reduction of the dose to the maintenance level. Recurring episodes of severe hypoglycemic reactions were observed in two patients requiring a relatively high maintenance dose. In these patients hypoglycemic reactions could be prevented by the concurrent use of diazoxide. A progressive decrease in free water clearance without any consistent change in osmolal clearance and glomerular filtration rate, during prolonged treatment confirmed the postulated vasopressin-like action of chlorpropamide.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abstract:In vitro comparison of inhibitory activity of gentamicin, carbenicillin, and the gentamicin/carbenicillin combination was made with 425 Enterobacteriacae including 126 E. coli, 98 Klebsiella-Enterobacter strains, 114 Proteus and 87 Pseudomonas, Eighty per cent of the entire group and 87% of the Pseudomonas strains were inhibited by the combination of 3.1 µg/ml of gentamicin with 100 µg/ml of carbenicillin, demonstrating a distinct antibacterial advantage for the combination over gentamicin or carbenicillin used alone. Gentamicin/carbenicillin was synergistic (as defined by a fourfold decrease of the minimal inhibiting concentrations of both drugs) against 32% of the Pscudomonas strains. Antagonism between the two antibiotics did not occur for Pseudomouas strains. It is concluded that the combination gentamicin/carbenicillin might prove to be a valuable therapy in Pseudomonas infections and in suspected gram-negative sepsis while awaiting species identification and sensitivity studies.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Extensive renal function tests were performed on nineteen patients with Wilson's disease and compared with results from normal and cirrhotic controls. The cirrhotics differed from the normal controls only in that they were unable to concentrate adequately their urine after dehydration. Patients with Wilson's disease had multiple abnormalities of renal function. CINand CPAHand THIPAHwere reduced. Increased uric acid clearance and aminoaciduria were universal in untreated patients. Increased urinary excretion of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and protein were common. Urinary acidification after ammonium chloride loading was abnormal although ammonia excretion was normal. Three patients had renal tubular acidosis associated with elevated serum IgG levels. Urinary concentration and dilution after dehydration and water loading were inadequate in some patients. Most patients showed improvement in all parameters of renal function with penicillamine therapy. Three patients who initially had severe renal dysfunction did not improve clinically during penicillamine therapy.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID