摘要:

Static pulmonary mechanics may not be the sole determinant of the functional residual capacity (FRC) in the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). To assess the relationship of FRC to pulmonary mechanics, pulmonary function tests such as spirometry, lung volumes, maximum expiratory flow volume curves, and single-breath diffusing capacity were related to compliance measurements in 65 patients with stable COPD. Compliance studies were examined over the range of tidal volume and at maximum lung inflation. The results showed that there was a poor correlation between the degree of hyperinflation at FRC and static compliance in the tidal range. However, there was a highly significant correlation between FRC and static lung mechanics at maximum lung inflation, as well as between FRC and difusing capacity. Thus, in patients with stable COPD, FRC is a useful guide to static recoil properties of the lung as assessed at maximum lung inflation. Lung compliance measurement in tidal range may not reflect this relationship. An increase in FRC remains a useful index of pulmonary emphysema, even in the presence of chronic airway disease.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty-three patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia (ANLL) under cytostatic treatment were investigated in a randomized trial to determine whether oral administration of cotrimoxazole (TMP/STX) would reduce the rate of infection. Four significant differences were observed between the group given TMP/STX (30 patients) and the control group (33 patients): 1) the mean duration of severe granulocytopenia (≤500 PMN/mm3) before the first febrile episode was longer in prophylaxis group, 14.26 days versus four in the control group (p<0.001); 2) the number of febrile episodes was 37 in TMP/STX group and 69 in control group (p<0.01); 3) 23 patients on prophylaxis presented at least one febrile episode versus 33 in the control group (p<0.01); 4) deaths due to infection were two in the TMP/STX group versus 11 in control group (p<0.05). Prophylaxis with TMP/STX appears to be useful since by reducing the number of febrile episodes and deaths due to infection, it increases the survival of leukemia patients under cytostatic drugs. Nevertheless, further studies on a larger number of patients are necessary in order to confirm the true efficacy of the drug in the reduction of sepsis and death due to infection.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pulmonary function tests were studied in 105 patients with cirrhosis of the liver who had no clinical or radiographical evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. Spirometric data such as VC, FRC, RV, TLC, RV/TLC and FEV1.0% were within normal limits in all subjects. However, flow-volume curve and closing volume curve were abnormal in the majority. In flow-volume curve, &OV0312;25, was decreased and the &OV0312;50/&OV0312;25value was increased; on the other hand, closing volume was markedly increased and FRC-CC value was reduced in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The closing capacity tended to exceed the FRC in the patients with arterial hypoxemia, indicating the presence of airway closure and gas trapping during resting ventilation. Therefore, ventilation-perfusion imbalance may be an important cause of arterial hypoxemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The level of reduced glutathione in diabetic polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found to be significantly decreased compared to normal. Although the activity of glutathione reductase remained unchanged, the activity of glutathione perosidase was found to be decreased in the diabetic state. Ketosis was not found to additionally aggravate the glutathione system. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from insulin-treated patients showed significant restoration.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten patients with acromegaly, six with active acromegaly and four with inactive acromegaly were studied with regard to the possible relationship between aldosterone metabolism and hypertension. It was noted that tetrahydrroaldosterone-3-glucuronide levels were highest in those cases which exhibited the highest prolactin levels. It was in these cases that hypertension was present and they were active as judged by clinical and biochemical parameters. On administration of bromocryptine there was a reduction of tertrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide, prolactin and also a significant reduction of blood pressure. The significance of these results is discussed.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopthy in a patient with a slowly growing squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is reported. The possible relation between the two concomitant conditions i this rare case is proposed.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 22-year-old man with hypogonadism, leyding cell hypoplasia, high LH, and normal plasma FSH was given human chorinic gonadortopin (hCG) and human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in order to assess testiculur testosterone responses to exogenouslay administered gonadotropins. The maximal testosterone level detected after six doses of hCG, 5000 IU per dose ofperdose given intramuscularly (IM) was 256 ng/dl. After eight doses of hLH, 550–1100 IU per dose given IM, the plasma testosterone level was unchanged, 100–200 ng/dl. The lack of a response to exogenouly administered gonadotropins in out patient suggests that there is a primary testicular lesion causing the hypogonadism. Our patient's own LH is probably biologically active since there was no response to human LH, a pituitary extract with a known biopotency (LER) 1549). Our patient's endocrine abnormality is apparently antother facet in the specturm of findings described in patients with Leyding cell hypoplasia or aplasia. Other features of this entity can include female pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous genitalia, hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and the presence of biologically inactive LH.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An elderly women is described who developed senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, followed within eight months by classical cliinical and electromygraphic featurs of sporadic motors neuron disease. Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is generally believed to affect the voluntary motor system and spare intellectual function, with the exception of certain familial forms and geographic is loates in the Pacific, pathological involvement of the cerebral cortex and posteior clumns has often been demonstrated. A small number of cases of concomitant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been reported, but an association has not thereby been proven. With the incidence of dementia increasing, it is possible that epidemiologic studies may show an increase in the incidence of motor neuron disease, and thereby suggest an association. A unitary hypothesis for causation of amyotropbhic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzeimer's disease has been proposed. Closer investigation of patients with motor neuron disease for dementia, and inquiry into the incidence of motor dysfunction in demented patients, may yield evidence in support of such a hypothesis.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cavitary pumonary disease due to coccidiodomycosis is common; however, development of both the underlying cavity and the fungus ball due to Coccidioides immitis is rare and has been reported on only five occasions. We report a case of coccidioidal mycetoma formation as a late sequelae of primary pulmonary coccidioidal pneumonia. Therapy with 2 gm of amphotericin B was unsucceessful and, becaruse of recurrent hemoptysis, the patient required lobar resection. Endosporulating spherules, as well as septate mycelia with arthrospore formation, were found on histologic examination. The medical and surgical management, as well as the potential of such lesions to produce human to human transmission, is discussed.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The management of patients with bacterial endocarditis complicated by atrioventricular block is based on uncontrolled data, mostly from retrospective surgical and autopsy series. It is difficult to advance broad recommendations on the basis of such a biased population. Nevertheless, it is the firm opinion of many experienced clinicans that heart block developing as the result of aortic endocarditis signals myocardial absscess formation, and thereby is an indication for early surgery. I present a patient with aortic and mitral

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID