ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To understand the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of the steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the effect of DHEA on rat peritoneal macrophage superoxide generation was studied. Dehydroepiandrosterone (12.5 to 50 μM) inhibited digitonin-stimulated superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner, with 100% inhibition achieved at 50 μM. Dehydroepiandrosterone also inhibited macrophage superoxide production stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, A23187 (calcium ionophore), sodium fluoride, and arachidonate. Dehydroepiandrosterone did not affect the activity of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which generates superoxide. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibited superoxide formation in the presence of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, potassium cyanide, and 2,4-dinitrophinal, suggesting that DHEA does not exert its effects by inhibiting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity or mitochondrial respiration. Of the several steroids tested, epiandrosterone was as effective as DHEA in inhibiting macrophage superoxide production. Estrogen, androstenedione, and dihydroxytestosterone showed 25% inhibition, whereas pregnenolone, progesterone, testosterone, etiocholanolone, androstenediol, and DHEA-sulfate had minimal effect. The steroids cortisol and corticosterone had slight stimulatory effect.These results suggest that the anti-atherosclerotic effect of DHEA may be the result of inhibition of superoxide generation in macrophages.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The routine use of monoclonal induction immunosuppression with OKT3 after orthotopic heart transplantation remains controversial. This study examined the clinical response of prophylactic monoclonal induction immunosuppression versus standard triple-drug immunosuppression in 41 patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation from January 1989 to December 1990 at this institution. Of these, eight received monoclonal induction immunosuppression for a period of 10 to 14 days. All patients received identical triple-drug immunosuppression with the exception of cyclosporine starting on the fifth postoperative day in those who received OKT3. At 6 months the duration of hospitalization, freedom from rejection, incidence of infection requiring hospitalization, and serum creatinine in the monoclonal induction immunosuppression and triple-drug groups were compared. It was found that the length of hospital stay in the OKT3 group was 14.3 ± 4.5 days, compared with 14.7 ± 4.7 days in the triple-drug group and that freedom from rejection was 66% in the OKT3 group compared with 75% in the triple-drug group. In addition, it was found that the incidence of infection was 36% in the OKT3 group compared with 38% in the triple-drug group and that serum creatinine at 6 months was 1.36 ± 0.26 mg/dl in the OKT3 group compared with 1.45 ± 0.73 mg/dl in the triple-drug group. Finally, patient survival at 1 year for the monoclonal induction immunosuppression group was 100% compared with 91% for the triple-drug group. It was concluded that induction immunosuppression with monoclonal induction immunosuppression does not reduce the duration of hospitalization or the incidence of rejection, change the incidence of infection, alter renal function, decrease the incidence of allograft coronary artery disease, or improve the survival rate as compared with standard triple-drug immunosuppression.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The frequent occurrence of bronchospasm due to aerosolized pentamidine (AP) may reduce delivery of drugs to distal airways and produce symptoms that limit therapy. This study performed spirometric measurements before and after AP treatment in 30 human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients over 18 months. Patients reporting symptoms of bronchospasm were treated with prophylactic beta-agonist aerosol before subsequent AP treatment. Forty percent of patients reported symptoms. This group had significant declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second associated with AP, whereas the asymptomatic group had no decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Bronchodilator prophylaxis eliminated AP-induced symptoms and spirometric changes. Baseline spirometry did not change after five monthly treatments. The close relationship between symptoms and acute spirometric changes, the lack of progressive airway obstruction due to AP, and the reliable response to beta-agonist therapy make a symptom-based approach to treatment possible.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of intradermal injection of interferon α-2β on normal human skin were studied in 12 healthy adult volunteers using 500,000 international units recombinant human interferon α-2β, 3 times a week for five injections (n = 6) and nine injections (n = 6). Saline injections served as control sites. Lymphocytic infiltrates and the population of epidermal Langerhans' cells in the injection areas were observed. The results showed that epidermal Langerhans' cells (both adenosine triphosphatase positive and CD-1+) decreased significantly whereas human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in keratinocytes was enhanced. Dermal CD-3+ (Pan T cells), CD-4+ (T helper cells) and human leukocyte antigen DR+ cells increased. No significant differences in the number of CD-19+ (B cells) and CD-57+ (NK cells) were observed. There were no significant differences between the five-injection and nine-injection groups.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between breastfeeding incidence and ethnic background, indicating the presence of strong cultural influences on infant-feeding patterns within ethnic groups. This study analyzed the relationship of acculturation into the United States, one aspect of ethnicity, to the initiation of breastfeeding among a sample of 213 women recruited approximately 2 months prenatally in the United States-Mexico border city of Brownsville, Texas. An in-depth, structured interview was conducted at that time (n = 213), at the time of birth (n = 207), and 2 to 3 weeks postnatally (n = 206). In addition, male partners of the mothers were interviewed prenatally when available (n = 119). Acculturation scores and demographic characteristics were tested relative to breastfeeding initiation. The degree of acculturation, age, and marital status were associated significantly with breastfeeding initiation (with breastfeeding continued at 2 to 3 weeks postnatally), but occupational status, education, and income were not. Breastfeeding incidence was highest among older, married, or low-acculturated, Anglo mothers. These data suggest that women being assimilated into the United States are inhibited in the initiation of breastfeeding. These findings suggest that to be successful, intervention programs to increase breastfeeding incidence must consider the cultural adaptation of different groups as they meld with the larger population.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A previously healthy 32-year-old man presented with recurrent exercise induced painless gross hematuria and hematospermia. An extensive evaluation demonstrated classic von Willebrand's disease associated with vascular telangiectasia of the prostate gland as the locus of hemorrhage. The bleeding resolved spontaneously and without recurrence. The coexistence of von Willebrand's disease and vascular telangiectasia has been described previously, although it is a rare occurrence. However, a review of the English literature revealed no report of vascular telangiectasia involving the prostate gland, and therefore is the subject of this report. The prostate gland now should be added to the list of viscera associated with vascular telangiectasia and von Willebrand's disease.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Low oxygen tension is a feature of many physiologic and pathologic conditions, including wound healing, fibrosis, and neoplasia. Increasing evidence suggests that low oxygen tension induces the transcription of a number of genes, and that this process depends on the cellular context. The proteins synthesized from these genes enable cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment and/or to fulfill their functional roles. The regulatory regions responsible for the induction of erythropoietin gene transcription and synthesis in response to hypoxia/anemia appear to be cis-acting deoxyribonucleic acid sequences located within the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the erythropoietin gene. Other proteins induced by hypoxia include cytokines (platelet-derived growth factor-β chain, endothelin-1, transforming growth factor-β), enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, glycolytic enzymes), and stress proteins. The molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia, induced expression of these genes are poorly understood. A heme protein may act as the oxygen tension sensor, or the redox state of certain nuclear transcription factors may function as second messengers.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID