摘要:

The ability of bronchoalveolar lavage cells to facilitate lymphoproliferation to mitogen in a system which allows assessment of pulmonary alveolar macrophage accessory cell function was investigated. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells were obtained from healthy nonsmokers and smokers and from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Lavaged cells were cultured with monocyte-depleted homologous blood lymphocytes obtained from healthy, young volunteers and stimulated with suboptimal (2μg/ml) or optimal (20 μg/ml) concentrations of phytohemagglutinin. Mitogen responses of lymphocytesin all groups were related to the number of lavage cells added, increasing with 1:100 and 1:10 bronchoalveolar lavage cell to lymphocyte ratios and decreasing with 1:2 and 1:1 ratios. Lymphoproliferative responses observed in smoker and nonsmoker cultures were not different. In contrast, maximal proliferative responses of cell cultures from patients with epidermoid and small cell carcinoma were decreased compared with cultures from patients with adenocarcinoma or controls. These data show that pulmonary bronchial lavage cells from smokers and nonsmokers provide similar dose related augmentation and suppression of lymphocyte mitogenic responses. Furthermore, accessory cell function of lavage cell populations is normal in patients with adenocarcinoma, but depressed in patients with epidermoid or small cell carcinoma.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in homogenates and subcellular fractions of 10 human liver specimens obtained postmortem. Preliminary studies indicated that T45'-deiodinase activity did not decline in rat liver kept at 5oC for 6 and 24 hr after death. All human liver homogenates but one catalyzed T3production, although the quantity of T3produced varied greatly, from 8-fold in the absence of dithiothreitol (DTT) to 100-fold in its presence. The wide variation in activity found may reflect either postmortem loss or premortem decline in enzyme activity due to unrecognized nonthyroidal illness. The amount of T3produced was dependent on substrate availability, protein concentration, time, PH and temperature, and enzyme activity was greatest in the microsomal fraction. T3production was stimulated by DTT and inhibited by propylthiouacil (PTU). Thus, human liver T45'-deiodinase has properties very similar to the same enzyme in rat liver. These data suggest that results of studies of the effects of nonthyroidal illnesses and drugs on T45'-deiodinase activity in rat liver may be extrapolated to humans.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In patients with a normal plasma anion gap type of metabolic acidosis, knowledge of the rate of ammonium excretion can provide valuable information to determine if there is a renal cause for the disorder. Unfortunately, few hospital biochemistry laboratories offer routine determination of the urine ammonium concentration. Data are presented that demonstrate a direct linear relationship between the urine anion gap (Na++K+- CI−) and the urine ammonium concentration. In a 24-hour urine collection, the relationship is urine ammonium equals - 0.8 (urine anion gap) + 82 (r = 0.97 p less than 0.01). The applications of this index of ammonium excretion are discussed.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors sought to evaluate the dialyzing surfaces important for peritoneal dialysis. They reasoned that the most definitive way to evaluate whether any of the gut and associated membranes contributed to trasport was to see if transport chnged when they were removed. Paired studies measuring rates of peritoneal uptake of glucose, urea, and inulin were carried out in dogs. In the morning, the animals were tested with all peritoneal membranes intact. In the afternoon, the studies were repeated after evisceration. The mass transfer coefficients (MTC ml/min)-glucose (viscera 4.4 ± 0.7, no viscera 4.9 ± 0.3)-urea (viscera 16.8 ± 2.4, no viscera 13.8 ± 1.0);-inulin (viscera 1.6 ± 0.6, no viscera 2.2 ± 0.7) were not changed nor was the amount of mass abosorbed significantly different. MTC and peritoneal absoption were unaffected by omentectomy, mesenterectomy, or evisceration. Whether these results were due to nonparticipation of these structures in peritoneal transport or other mechnisms await further studies.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eikenella corrodens, a microaerophilic gram-negative rod, is a normal inhabitant of human mucosal surfaces. Infections involvingEikenellahave been reported with increasing frequency during the past 10 years. Despite a demonstrated ability to invade the blood stream,Eikenellahas rarely been implicated in endocarditis or other vascular space infections. Two patients are reported with prolonged illness due to infection of peripheral vascular prostheses withE. corrodensand prior reports ofEikenellavascular space infections are reviewed. WhenEikenella is the sole infecting organism, vascular space infections tend to indolent. However, removal of vascular prostheses may be required for cure.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Allopurinol toxicity has been associated with the use of this drug in patients with renal insufficiency, a situation where the halflife of allopurinol, is prolonged. Allopurinol toxicity has also been associated with the concomitant use of allopurinol and thiazide diuretics. In the present study, the effect of hydrochlorothiazide administration on the renal clearence and serum half-life of oxipurinol has been studied in eight normal volunteers to determine if thiazides delay the clearance of oxipurinol Oxipurinol's renal clearance and serum half-life were measured in each volunteer durin a control period and again while the volunteer was receiving 50 mg/day hydrochlorothiazide for 1 week. No change in renal oxipurinol clearance 21.1 ± 5.9 vs. 20.4 ± 8.7 mi/min) or serum oxipurinol half-life (23.7 ± vs. 23.4 ± 4.4 hours) was noted with the addition of thiazides. The association previously noted between the use of thiazide diuretics and the development of allopurinol toxicity cannot be explaned by alteraction in oxipurinol pharmacokinectics.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of renal hypophosphatemic ostemalacia (RHO) that was unmasked by hyperthyrodism is presented. The patient presented at age 64 with pathologic leg fractures. There was no family history of ostemalacia or rickets. Initial evaluation reveled hyperthyroidism, which was treated with radioactive iodine. Despite control of thyroid function, the patient had recurrent pathologic fractures. Further evalulation reveled hisologically proven osteomalacia and the biochemical findings of RHO: elevated serum alkaline phosphaings of RHO: elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphate and tubular resorption of phosphate, and normal serum calcium parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels. Other cause of osteemalacia were extriol reversed the ostemalacia. This case demonstrates thathyperthyrodism, and possibly other illnesses that affect vitamin D or bone metabolism, may unmask metabolic bone diseaease and that physicians should be alert for the subtle clinical and biochemical indicators of unrecognized metabolic bone disease in adults.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Type II pseudohypoaldosteronism is an uncommonly reported disorder. The authors recently evaluted a patient who in many thors recently evaluated a patient who in many respects appeared to have this syndrome. He had hyperkalemia, a normal glomerular filtration rate, “normal” serum and urinary aldosterone levels, and low plasma renin activity. In addition, he had a hypertension. Fractional excretion of potassium was reduced in response to sodium chloride loading. However, renal potasium excretion in response to administration of sodium sulfate was normal. Thiazide diuretic restored the serum potassium, the low bicarbonate, and blood pressure to normal. He developed marked natriuresis and kaliuresis in response achieved to exogenous mineralocorticoid has been reported only once previously.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma represents a subtype of lung cancer that possesses biologic and clinical characteristics that make it significantly distinct from other forms. A major impact on the natural history of this disease has been accomplished during the past 15 years, including the potential for cure by non-surgical treatment modalities. Further progress in the management of this disorder has been impaired by a number of factors that appear to be inherent to the biology of the tumor and its clinical features. Analysis of initial clinical trials and more detailed examination of this tumor in vitro have permitted the elucidation of many barriers to curative outcome presently being evaluated at the laboratory and clinical levels. These include clear biologic and morphologic heterogeneity; problems with chemotherapy responsiveness including drug resistance; the potential for combining chemotherapy and radiation modalities; the re-examination of the role of surgical intervention in selected patients; and the need to deal with central nervous system dissemination of tumor cells. Further advances in this disease will be dependent on the successful integration of laboratory and clinical disciplines.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID