ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThere appear to be two types of Binocular Instability, one due to low bodily tone, fatigue or neurosis. In this type fusion quality may be good, but maintenance is poor and variable. Treatment of this type is mainly attention to general health.The second type, that most commonly met with, is associated with fusion deficiency. The differentiation between Heterophoria and this type of Binocular Instability may be regarded as one of difference in the quality of fusion.It appears unnecessary to differentiate between these last two conditions in practice if a test for quality of fusion be given as a routine.We can, in the interests of clearness, postulate the following rules for differential diagnosis and treatment:(1) Where fusion is good, and there exists a variation in imbalance at various times of the day, etc., particularly in Exophoria and Convergence Insufficiencies, attention to general health is necessary. These are often a form of Binocular Instability.(2) If Heterophoria is suggested by the routine disassociation test, a test for quality of fusion will reveal whether the case is one of true Heterophoria, or Binocular Instability associated with fusion deficiencies.(3) If the quality of fusion is normal, Heterophoria is present, and treatment for increasing the fusional reserves can be instituted if other factors, such as age, etc., allow of this.(4) If the quality of fusion is poor, or there exists occasional suppression or diplopia, then the case can be regarded as one of binocular instability associated with fusion deficiences.The case must be treated as in the end treatment of Strabismus, restoring fusion and stereopsis before the fusional reserves can be built up. Stabilising exercises, as in squint treatment, may be necessary in addition.(5) It is suggested that a test for quality of fusion should‐ form part of the ordinary routine tests for determination of the refractive erro

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0817-881X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1939.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1939

数据来源: WILEY