ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.01-51.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of irritative symptoms and the incidence of respiratory infections among children in a day‐care center affected by mold were compared with those in a reference day‐care center. A retrospective pilot study was made in the mold‐problem day‐care center. Analysis of absenteeism records and a one‐year follow‐up study were made in both day‐care centers. In the pilot study, half of the exposed 41 children had prolonged or frequent symptoms and respiratory infections. In addition, the absenteeism in the mold‐problem day‐care center was nearly twice as high as in the reference day‐care center. After cessation of the exposure, the occurrence of respiratory symptoms decreased and no lower respiratory tract

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00002.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults of a questionnaire survey of 939 workers from 5 air‐conditioned offices where smoking was prohibited are reported. Levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehde, respirable particulates, and temperature, relative humidity, and illuminance were measured in these buildings, but these did not correlate with symptom reports. The number of sick building syndrome symptoms per worker was related linearly to perceived indoor air quality, job stress, job satisfaction, allergies, eyewear, and seasonal affective disorder. Two hundred and fifty five of these workers also completed a battery of psychological measures. Measures of depression, personality variables, situational stress, vulnerability to stress, and individual differences in circadian rhythms did not correlate with the numbers of sick building syndrome symptoms per worker, although depression did correlate with the number of symptoms when these were weighted for their frequency of occurrence in the previous month. Job stress and perceptions of indoor air quality correlated with both the unweighted and weighted indices of sick building syndrom

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00003.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been identified as one of the factors associated with the symptoms of the sick building syndrome (SBS). We investigated the role of ETS in an office building during the phased introduction of a smoking ban. Over a two‐year period we measured symptoms using a validated questionnaire, environmental nicotine levels and salivary cotinine as a biological marker of nicotine absorption in a stratified systemic sample of 375 office employees (91% response rate). In addition, 26 persons from a non‐smoking office were studied as a control group. This report describes the findings derived from a cross‐sectional analysis of the initial baseline data. Amongst the validated nonsmokers, symptoms increased with increasing nicotine exposure from ETS (r= 0.165 p<0. 01), supporting the role of ETS in the SBS. Smokers reported significantly fewer symptoms than non‐smokers, as has been found before, but were exposed to higher levels of airborne nicotine as expected. We suggest that this factor, along with the misclassification of smoking status, may have obscured an association between ETS exposure and the SBS in previous studies. An analysis of the findings after implementation of the smoking ban should provide further information on how much of the SBS is attributable to ETS in this study pop

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00004.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis case referent study is a part of the Office Illness Project in Northern Sweden. From a questionnaire study among 5 986 office workers, 75 VDT workers with self‐reported facial skin symptoms and the same number of referents were selected for this study. The environmental electric and magnetic fields in the office as well as electromagnetic fields associated with the VDT at the workplace were measured. The aim of this pan of the project was to explore the role of the measured electromagnetic parameters in relation to skin symptoms. For most of the measured parameters there was no difference between cases and referents. However, more cases than referents were found in the highest exposure group for two of the measured parameters. For the background electric field in the room the relative risk in terms of crude odds ratio (OR) was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.2–7.2) for the high exposed group (≥31 V/m) compared with the lowest group (≤10 V/m). The same comparison for the magnetic field in the ELF‐range (≥0.30 μT vs ≤0.145 μT) in front of the VDT gave an OR of 2.7 (9

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00005.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from 12 linoleum samples were measured by use of the “Field and Laboratory Emission Cell” (FLEC) with sampling on Tenax TA followed by thermal desorbtion and GC/FID or GC/MS analysis. Major VOCs were alkanals, alkenals and fatty acids. The emissions were measured after 24 h in FLEC and again after one month's storage in a well ventilated room. The emission profiles of hexanal, nonanal and propanoic acid were modeled for four linoleum samples using a new exponential diffusion model. The time required to reach 50% of the odor threshold concentrations in a standard room was from 113 to 2296 hours. The applicability of the diffusion model for modeling long‐term emission needs to be further evaluated considering possible continuous oxidative emi

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00006.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe odor of 13 linoleum samples was investigated by different methods. 1) Gas chromatography (GC) with sniffing was used to ensure that no significant odorant was overlooked. 2) Odor intensity evaluation of the linoleum samples was correlated with GC data from Part 1 of this study. Partial least squares regression yielded two factors capable of explaining 77% of the odor intensity variation. The most important classes of compounds were 2‐alkenals and fatty acids. 3) Odor indexes of the individual VOCs were compared in order to evaluate their relative odor impact. 4) The odor of linoleum was simulated by a synthetic mixture compounded according to the GC data. It had an odor closely resembling that from certain varieties of linoleu

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00007.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to be able to recommend suitable paints for indoor use, relevant properties and selection criteria must be established and evaluated. An overall description of a paint intended for the interior surfaces of a building (walls and ceilings) based on relevant properties is suggested and given in the form of a test programme. The factors considered are:•indoor air quality and working environment•paint application characteristics•coating performance.The evaluation profile of a paint, which includes properties for each factor, makes it easy to compare with established selection criteria of a reference profile. Experiments confirm the applicability of the test programme and of the selection criteria used to evaluate different paints for indoor use. The overall description principle is found to be essential in guiding consultants, builders, owners, end‐users and authorities in specifying

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-3-00008.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described for the identification and quantification of compounds emitted into indoor air. In this method we have selected certain compounds from among the many emitted by various sources to perform as standards in screening the quality of the indoor air sample. Identification and quantification of the compounds found in a sample are made with a two‐channel high resolution gas chromatograph with two FIDs. Identification is based on linear retention indexes. For comparison, the TVOC of the air sample is calculated in two different ways. This method allows rapid identification and quantification of the main compounds present in indoor air if the VOC air mixture is not too comple

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-1-00009.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hygienic properties of two types of processing oils used in the manufacture of galvanised metal air ducts mere investigated. One of the oils was based on mineral oil and the other on vegetable oil. Evaporation of the oil emulsions from the galvanized metal surface was followed for ten months, after which the water‐binding capacity of the residues was measured in increasing and decreasing RH at the range of 75‐100%. The potential of processing oil residues to act as nutrients for fungi was tested with Penicillium brevi‐compactum in the laboratory. The odour emission of oil residues was evaluated with the aid of a trained panel for eight months. After the ten months, the residue of mineral‐oil‐ and vegetable‐oil‐based products was 60% and 79% of the original amount, respectively. Both oils were able to absorb water but desorption of the water from vegetable‐oil‐based products was delayed, thus increasing the risk of fungal growth. The residues of both oils provided sufficient nutrients for fungal growth. The odour emissions from the oil residues were high and that of vegetable oil tended also to increase. To attain high indoor air quality, duct manufacturing methods which do not leave residues sh

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-1-00010.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY