摘要:

AbstractDuring the winter of 1988/1989, the relationships between the prevalence of work‐related health and indoor climate complaints and a number of building, management, workplace and personal characteristics have been investigated in a study in more than 60 office buildings located throughout the Netherlands.To collect the information, a questionnaire was prepared on health and indoor climate complaints and personal and workplace characteristics. A checklist was used to obtain information on building characteristics More than 7000 questionnaires were completed by the regular users of the buildings investigated.The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher in air‐conditioned buildings than in naturally or mechanically ventilated buildings. some other variables were also related with most work‐related complaints after adjustment for selected management, personal, workplace and job characteristics. These included gender, work satisfaction in general, presence of allergies and/or respiratory symptoms, and personal control over temperature at the workplace. No differences were found in symptom prevalences between buildings with spray and steam humidification. The combination of air‐conditioning and humidification did not lead to further increases in the prevalence of complaints as compared to buildings with only airconditioning or only humidif

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.00001.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to gather information about the actual ventilation and indoor air quality and to evaluate the differences between houses and apartments with different ventilation systems. A sample of 242 dwellings in the Helsinki metropolitan area was studied over periods of no weeks during the 1988‐1989 heating season. The mean air‐exchange rates had a high variation (average 0.52 l/h, range 0.07‐1.55 l/h). The ASHRAE minimum value of 0.35 l/h was not achieved in 28% of the dwellings. The air‐exchange rates were significantly her in the houses than in the apartments (averages 0.45/0.64 l/h, p<0.001); in the natural ventilation systems they, were slightly her than in the mechanical systems. The average temperature in the bedrooms was approximately 22 °C (range 18–27 °C), slightly but significantly higher in the apartment than in the houses. The average dust depositions were higher in the balanced ventilation systems than in the other systems. The median radon concentration was 82 Bq/m3(range 5‐866 Bq/m3); the Finnish target value of 200 Bq/m3was exceeded in 17% of the houses but in none of the apartment. The measurements indicate that the indoor air quality in Finnish dwellings is not always satisfactory with reference to human healt

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.02-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe emission charaaaistics of four organic compounds (non‐ane, decam, undecane, and 1, 2, 4‐trimethylbenzene)from wood stain have been measured in an environmental chamber It was found that the emission patterns of the four organic compounds can be described by a two‐phase model. Phase 1 represents the period when the wood stain is relatively wet. Phase 2 is when the wood stain becomes relatively dry. The changes of emission mechanisms between the two phases were reflcted by the significantly different emission rate canstants measured during the two periods and the relationship between the relative rate constant, the relative vapor pressure, and the relative diffusivity. A double‐exponential model was established that can be used to predict the relative emission rates of the four organic compounds fiom the woo

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.03-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of location of airborne particle source, ventilation rate, air inlet size, supply air velocity, air outlet location, and heat source on the dkributiuns of airborne particle concentration and draught risk in an operating room is investigated. The investigation is carried out by using a flow program with the k‐E mdel of turbulence. Based on a standard case, five cases, each with one changed parameter, are computed, and the detailed field distributions of air velocity, temperature, airborne particle concentration, and draught risk are presented.The parametric study concludes that, for a better air quality and thermal comfort, it is desirable to use a higher inflow rate, a larger inlet area, and a uniform velocity profile of supply air. Outlet location and heat source have little influence on the disrributions of the particle concentration in the room. It has also been found that the distributions of particle concentration in the recirculating zone are very sensitive to the location of the particle source

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.04-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to cumpare the peformance of different supply diffuers of ventilation air, the airflow passern, temperature stratifiation and contaminant dispersion in a furnitured office ventilated by three kinds of air diffuer were numerically investigated. The air diffuers studied in this paper are a quarter‐cylinder displacement diffuer on the floor and mixing diffuers (linear and vortex diffuers) on the ceiling. The heat sources in the of‐fice are considered to be 50% convective and 50% radiative. The k‐ɛ two‐equatwn model of turbulence is employed to predict the turbulent diffusion.The results show that the displacement diffuser provides a rather uniform flow field with low velocify in most areas, and the vertical temperature difference from floor to ceiling is as high as 6 K. With the linear diffuser, the air velociry is high, and the temperature is uniform both horizontally and vertically. The air velocity generated by the vortex diffuser is moderate. The distributions of the temperature and the contaminant are rather

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.05-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe indoor air quality (IAQ) programme of the World Health Organization Regional office for Europe was initiated in the mid‐seventies when it was realized that over 70% of the general population spends its time indoors in homes, office buildings, schools, hospitals, transportation means, etc. The first meting of experts on health aspects related to IAQ was convened in 1979, being probably the first international meeting on IAQ with participation from eastern and western Europe as well as from North America. Seven meetings followed between 1982 and 1990, at which the “sick building” syndrome, IAQ research, formaldehyde and radon, organic pollutants, biological contaminants, combustion products, and mineral fibres were discussed. A ninth meeting on sources, control and mitigation is planned for

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.06-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.07-23.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY