ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.01-33.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen healthy humans were exposed to combinations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air temperature (0 mg/m3and 10 mg/m3of a mixture of 22 volatile organic compounds and 18, 22 and 26° C). Previously demonstrated effects of VOCs and thermal exposures were replicated. For the first time nasal cross‐sectional areas and nasal volumes, as measured by acoustic rhinometry, were shown to decrease with decreasing temperature and increasing VOC exposure. Temperature and pollutant exposures affected air quality, the need for more ventilation, skin humidity on the forehead, sweating, acute sensory irritation and possibly watering eyes in an additive way. Interactions were found for odor intensity (p = 0.1), perceived facial skin temperature and dryness, general well‐being, tear film stability, and nasal cavity dimension. The presence of interactions implies that in the future guidelines for acceptable indoor air concentrations of VOCs should depend on room air tempera

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00002.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSensory ratings, respiratory behavior and eye blink rate were recorded in 11 nonsmokers exposed to a no‐smoking (CONTROL) condition or to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from one of three kinds of cigarettes: a Kentucky reference (1R4F), an ultra‐low tar (ULT) and one that heats tobacco (TEST).For each two‐hour session in a controlled‐environment room, two smokers “puffed” unlit cigarettes, for the CONTROL condition, or smoked 16 cigarettes to generate ETS (sidestream plus exhaled mainstream smoke). Concentrations of nicotine and respirable suspended particles (RSP) observed with the 1R4F and ULT cigarettes were 10‐ to 20‐fold higher than those typically found in field sampling studies of office and restaurant smoking environments. The ULT and TEST cigarettes resulted in ETS analyte concentrations that were 77‐100% and O‐56%, respectively, of those observed with 1R4E Sensory ratings (odor, irritation, annoyance, acceptability) with the two tobacco‐burning cigarettes were similar and were much greater than those recorded for the TEST or CONTROL conditions which were, in turn, rated similarly. Respiratory parameters (respiratory rate, tidal volume, expiratory time), which generally failed to discriminate the TEST and CONTROL conditions, were altered during exposure to ETS from the 1R4F and, to a lesser extent, the ULT cigarette. Eye blink rate was not significantly altered by ETS from

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00003.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates the conscious experience of thermal transients, both experimentally and by means of a model of dynamic thermoreception. The experiments involved a sample of twelve human subjects, each undergoing twelve different ambient temperature step‐changes. The research design included both temperature up‐steps and down‐steps, clothed and naked subjects, and transients both away from, and towards, neutrality. Each experiment lasted three hours, with the step‐ change occurring after 1.5 h when the subjects crossed between the twin climate chambers. Immediate sensations resulting from the temperature up‐steps closely resembled later steady‐state responses to the warmer environment, while initial impressions of temperature down‐steps were typically twice the magnitude of their up‐step counterparts. These experimental findings were accurately simulated by a simple thermoreceptor model coupled to a numerical model of heat transfer through clothing and cutaneous tissue. This heightened subjective sensitivity to temperature down‐steps was achieved with the model by taking the subcutaneous depth of cold thermoreceptors to be less than that of the warm units, as noted by Hensel in his review of this special

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00004.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA questionnaire on health symptoms, workplace conditions, and perceived indoor air quality was administered to 3948 employees of the Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, DC in the winter of 1989. The main goal was to determine the personal or workplace characteristics associated with health symptoms.A principal components analysis of 32 health symptoms identified 12 health factors. Each factor was generally associated with a particular body system (eyes, nose, throat, chest, central nervous system, etc.). The 12 health factors were regressed linearly on the 50‐100 personal, workplace, and spatial characteristics identified from the questionnaire and building blueprints. Significant variables (p<0.01) were included in a second logistic regression to determine a final model.Eleven variables were associated with multiple health factors. The main workplace variables were dust and glare. Personal characteristics of importance were mold allergies and sensitivity to chemicals. Among women, lack of a college degree was an important factor. Air quality factors of importance included hot stuffy air and dry air: The odor of paint and other chemicals, and the odor of cosmetics were also associated with four or more of the health factors. Two measures of stress – heavy workload and conflicting demands – were also associated with several health fa

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00005.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1989 the Madison Building of the Library of Congress was investigated to determine the source of occupant complaints about health symptoms and the indoor air quality. Questionnaires, distributed to all 3176 building occupants, assessed information on workstation characteristics, symptom occurrence, odors, thermal comfort, and demographic and health factors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess personal risk factors associated with mucosal symptom reporting and reported sensitivity to irritants. Symptom prevalence was higher for women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40‐2.10), those who reported being especially sensitive to irritants (OR = 1.57, 95% CI1.27‐1.93), those with self‐reported allergies, flu, or chest illness, and those who took frequent fresh air breaks. It was found that females and non‐smokers and those reporting other adverse health effects tended to report sensitivity to irritants more fre

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00006.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the health effects of NO2, emitted from gas cooking stoves, we compared the prevalence of several respiratory symptoms for people living in gas homes (homes with gas cooking stoves) with those for people living in electric homes (homes with electric cooking stoves) in Japan. The survey was conducted in September 1985, with a self‐administered questionnaire. No statistically significant differences were found for several respiratory symptoms between electric homes and gas homes among both children (adjusted odds ratios: 0.64–1.80) and their parents (odds ratios: 0.39–0.94). This work represents a preliminary study in Japan. A longitudinal study should be conducted to further investigate the health effects associated with gas cooking s

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00007.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00008.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY