ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.01-31.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolymer materials and their additives are today ever present in our daily surroundings. These materials have been found to emit a number of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the ambient air, thus affecting the quality of the indoor air VOCs with detectable concentrations are exchanged between the different materials and indoor air. Materials present in the system act as sorbents as well as sources of emission, depending on the concentration of the VOCs in the air at a specific time. This work demonstrates a method of studying the phenomena of absorption/re‐emission. A hypothetical room that resembles a furnished office has been studied. A PVC flooring material was used as a primary emission source in a system where materials such as wood, paint, cloth, chipboard, and cellulose were present. Mass transfer in the solid materials was assumed to be by diffusion. The results show that the mechanism of absorption/re‐emission of volatiles may extend the time of residence in an indoor system considerably. A person working in this environment could risk longer exposure to toxic volatiles than if there were no absorption/re‐emission ef

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00002.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a thin, passive, adsorbent sheet containing activated carbon on reducing the concentration of volatile organic compounds in indoor air is investigated. A mathematical model is established to describe the conditions in a hypothetical room containing building materials, furniture, an activated carbon sheet, etc. The results of the modelling show that the activated carbon sheet can reduce the concentration of the organic vapour in the room air by a factor of 1.6 – 200, depending on the resistances to mass transfm in the laminar gas film surrounding the activated carbon sheet and in the voids of the sheet. The maximum value 200 is a theoretical limit, if both the film and void resistances could be eliminated. Minimization of the film and void resistances is important to achieve high effect of the activated carbon sheet. This could be done by e.g. dividing a single sheet into several smaller pieces, hanging the sheets at some places where the airflow is relatively high, and making the sheets thin and loose. For some of the model parameters, estimated or assumed values were used in the calculations. Experimental work regarding sorption equilibria and mass transport properties of the species and materials involved is needed for more accurate result

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00003.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome operators of climate installations still prefer the use of water humidifiers. Soaked surfaces and circulating water; together with impuritiesfiom the ventilation air, create a favourable environment for the growth of numerous microorganisms. Faulty operation of air‐conditioners can constitute a risk to health. This has been proved many times in cases of certain hospital‐acquired infections, a classic example being pneumonias caused by Legionella pneumophila. For this reason, the possibility of suppressing microbial contamination of circulating water in humidifis by using the oligodynamic potential of silver ions was investigated. Basic hygienic requirements were put fmard to ensure adequate quality of water in humidifis of air‐conditioning installa

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00004.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGood air quality can only be assured throughout an office complex if each workspace receives an adequate supply of ventilation air. The likelihood of achieving this situation would be increased if the building engineer had a means of easily predicting the air movement in each office configuration. A simple computer‐based solution to this need is proposed. To this end, the development and validation testing of a numerical solution technique to simulate the ventilation air movement in a room or office is described. The predictions of the two‐dimensional, isothermal, inviscid formulation are seen to be in good agreement with experimentally measured airflows in configurations of interest. The computer code is then used to illustrate the airflow in offices served by a single row of supply air diffusers, when partitions are used to divide the space into smaller workspaces. It is observed that the partitions distort the airflow patterns to the extent that it would be difficult to provide desirable ventilation airflows to all the workspaces formed by the partiti

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00005.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a series of fill‐scale measurements of the concentration distribution in the centre plane of a room with isothermaI mixing ventilation.Vertical projiles of the concentration in the middle of the room have been measured under different conditions. With the contamination source in the middle of the room the vertical profiles were changed radically with an increase of the air change rate from n = 1.5h−1to n = 6h−1due to a change in the flow structure in the room. With a constant air change rate, the location of the contamination source in the room showed a great influence on the vertical profile. A high velocity around the contamination source resulted in a uniform contaminant distribution in the room, while a low velocity resulted in considerable differences.Contours of concentration in the centre plane of the room have been measured using different contaminant densities. The densities were low, neutral and high in relation to the density of air. The results showed that the contaminant distribution in the room with the chosen flow conditions depended strongly on the contaminant density, and that the high density case gave the highest concentrations in the occupied

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00006.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn buildings which were built within the last 15 to 20 years, or which have been retrofitted, and which do notfeature a mechanical ventilation system, air changes between 0.01 h−1and 0.5 h−1were measured while windows were closed. In the bedrooms of such buildings, when doors and windows were closed, CO2concentrations of up to 4300 ppm were measured whereby the 1500 ppm limit was often exceeded. Simulation calculations and diverse measurements using different door positions with simultaneously closed windows have shown that with the door open more than 10 cm, and a minimal air exchange in the whole of an apartment of 0.1 h−1, a CO2concentration of I500 ppm was not or was only insignifiantly exceeded even after 10 hours. Investigations in a dwelling fined with a mechanical ventilation system have shown that air quality and the indoor climate parameters were in an optimal

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00007.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the results of indoor radon surveys in the Sichuan province of China. The indoor radon concentrations found using scintillation or the two‐filter method, ranged from 1.0 Bqm−3to 170.2 Bqm−3. The arithmetic mean concentrations of indoor radon and its progeny were 17.8 Bqm−3and 10.8 Bqm−3EER (2.9 m WL), respectively. A seasonal pattern of the maximum in winter and the minimum in summer was observed for radon and its progeny concentrations. The annual effective dose equivalent resulting from indoor and outdoor inhalation of radon progeny totalled 0.93 mSv. Of the 109 million people living in Sichuan, 3000‐6800 may die annually from lung cancer induced by the inhalation of ra

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-3-00008.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegulatory authority typically is ill‐defined or simply nonexistent for reducing the risks from indoor air in non‐industrial buildings. This has forced risk managers to rely increasingly on information programs either to substitute for or enhance the effectiveness of traditional regulatory activities. These in formation programs – i.e., risk communication programs – tend to be designed for polar problems. One is to alert people to a “new” risk. The other is to reassure people about risk for which concerns are high even though scientific estimates show small risk. So far there is no generally accepted model that yields consistently good predictions of how specific risk communication activities affect people's perceptions and actions for either of these polar problems. The rapidly growing literature relies on case studies to examine alternative models and describes what seems to work. There have been relatively few tests of alternative risk communication materials and strategies. This paper extracts the literature's lessons for planning indoor air information programs, with attention to how the communication needs differ when alerting versus

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-2-00009.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6947    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-2-00010.x

出版商:Munksgaard International Publishers    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY