ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recent publication ofRestoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policyhas generated much scientific, public, and political discussion. Although the book emphasizes the restoration of entire aquatic ecosystems, discussion of senescent dams and human‐made reservoirs is absent. The important societal and ecological roles of reservoirs warrant a closer examination of the potential ecological restoration of aging reservoirs. Problems with long‐term reservoir management include lack of long‐term management strategies, sedimentation, hazardous waste accumulation, impacts of recreational use, and the creation of new aquatic and riparian habitats. Policy conflicts may arise when habitats created in the reservoir are destroyed to restore the downstream habitats or when created habitats upstream undergo successional changes that impact the commercial or recreational value of the reservoir. Rare or endangered species may also create similar conflicts. The establishment of an ecological restoration bonding program that includes environmental education and conservation prior to new dam construction may aid in resolving potential conflicts in the f

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults of a short‐term study of the revegetation of illegally rock‐plowed wetlands in the East Everglades are reported. Comparisons of the plant communities on a restored site, an unrestored site, and the natural control areas directly adjacent to these sites were made using line intercept transects. On the site where removal of the rock‐plowed material and grading of the surface to below original elevation were required for restoration, less than 20% of plant cover was of nonwetland species, and the occurrence of exotic species was low. On the rock‐plowed site where no restoration efforts were performed, 61% of plant cover was of nonwetland species, and there was a higher occurrence of exotic species compared to the restored rock‐plowed and the cont

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLivestock have been excluded from riparian zones along many streams in western North America in an effort to restore aquatic and riparian habitat degraded by livestock grazing. Within these exclosures, channel adjustment to elimination of grazing pressure may lag behind plant recovery because of the time required to deposit sediment along the vegetated banks of the stream channel. Moreover, unless grazing is eliminated from the watershed, the channel within the exclosure must still accommodate increased runoff and sediment loads from upstream. This hydrologic regime may prevent a return to predisturbance channel morphology. Cross sections of the North Fork Cottonwood Creek in the White Mountains of California showed no significant difference in channel width within and downstream of a 24‐year‐old exclosure, despite a lush growth of stream bank vegetation that gives the impression of a narrower channel within the exclos

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe extreme species richness of native shrubland vegetation (kwongan) near Eneabba, Western Australia, presents a major problem in the restoration of sites following mineral sand mining. Seed sources available for post‐mining restoration and those present in the native kwongan vegetation were quantified and compared. Canopy‐borne seeds held in persistent woody fruits were the largest seed source of perennial species in the undisturbed native vegetation and also provided the most seeds for restoration. In undisturbed vegetation, the germinable soil seed store (140–174 seeds · m−2) was only slightly less than the canopy‐borne seed store (234–494 seeds · m−2), but stockpiled topsoil provided only 9% of the germinable seeds applied to the post‐mining habitat. The age of stockpiled soil was also important. In the three‐year‐old stockpiled topsoil, the seed bank was only 10.5 seeds · m−2in the surface 2.5 cm, compared to 56.1 to 127.6 seeds · m−2in fresh topsoil from undisturbed vegetation sites. In the stockpiled topsoil, most seeds were of annual species and 15–40% of the seeds were of non‐native species. In the topsoil from undisturbed vegetation, over 80% of the seeds were of perennial species, and non‐native species comprised only 2.7% of the seed bank. Additional seeds of native species were broadcast on restoration areas, and although this represented only 1% of the seed resources applied, the broadcast seed mix was an important resource for increasing post‐mining species richness. Knowledge of the life‐history characteristics of plant species may relate to seed germination patterns and assist in more accurate restoration where information on germination percen

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany felids are threatened by loss of habitat, lack of genetic diversity, and over‐exploitation. The reintroduction of bobcats (Felis rufus) to Cumberland Island, Georgia provided an opportunity to reintroduce a mid‐sized felid without the concern for species survival that is paramount with endangered species. We captured bobcats from the coastal plain region of Georgia, briefly held them in captivity, and released them on Cumberland Island. We describe and evaluate the protocols and techniques used to accomplish the reintroduction. Future reintroductions of felids should consider the problem of post‐release dispersal, although our island was relatively isolated and inhibited dispersal. Also, any reintroduction effort should invest effort and resources into post‐release monitoring of the population. Empirical knowledge about the effects of spatial distribution, genetics, population dynamics, especially mechanisms of population regulation, behavior, and environmental conditions on the viability of populations is critical to the conservation of endangered species. Future research of the bobcats on Cumberland Island will be able to address aspects of the population and genetic dynamics of a small, insular felid pop

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSagittaria latifoliaWilld. is commonly used for wetland enhancement, restoration, and creation. It is a C3species that is widely distributed in southeastern Canada and the eastern half of the United States. It provides habitat and food benefits to waterfowl and improves water quality in wetlands. Monoecious and dioecious varieties occur in the U.S. that exhibit different life history characteristics. Clonal spread occurs through growth of rhizomes and tubers.S. latifoliagrows in a wide range of fresh water and soil conditions. It persists in stabilized water levels at depths of less than 50 cm and few drawdowns. The species tolerates and assimilates high levels of nutrients and heavy metals. There is a limited data base on the installation and management of the species. Tubers and plants are preferred plant materials for field establishment. Herbivory by insects, waterfowl, and other animals may greatly reduce planting success. Future studies relevant to improvement of propagule storage, planting conditions, and management of mature plants for wetland projects are suggested.

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:The Uses of Ecology: Lake Washington and BeyondW. T. Edmonson

ISSN:1061-2971    

DOI:10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY