ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-two intracanalicular optic nerves from 26 consecutive cadavers at the Dade County Medical Examiner's Office were examined for arachnoidal cap cells three cells thick or greater. Twenty specimens (77%) fulfilled these criteria with predominant involvement of the inferior and lateral aspects of the optic nerve sheath. Twenty-four specimens (92%) had psammoma bodies, and 17 specimens (65%) demonstrated corpora amylacea. Psammoma bodies as well as corpora amylacea were found with increasing frequency with age. However, our study did not show that age was an absolute factor toward the development of arachnoidal cap cell hyperplasia. The factors that incite foci of arachnoidal cap cell hyperplasia to greater activity leading in occasional individuals to the development of a meningioma remain to be determined.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies of the vestibulo-ocular reflex have revealed a distinct pathway from the anterior semicircular canal to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus via the superior vestibular nucleus. Axons of this pathway ascend in the brachium conjunctivum, while axons of the other semicircular canal pathways ascend in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). We report two cases of primary position upbeat nystagmus where lesions of the brachium conjunctivum were suggested by computed tomography (CT) scans. One of these lesions was confirmed at autopsy. We concluded that primary position upbeat nystagmus, like downbeat nystagmus, is a type of central vestibular nystagmus resulting from an imbalance of vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex activity.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 26-year-old man with a recurrent cerebellar medulloblastoma developed periodic alternating nystagmus. During radiation treatment, a bilateral voluntary horizontal gaze paresis appeared, and the periodic alternating nystagmus was replaced by periodic alternating gaze. Several days later, full eye movements returned, as did the periodic alternating nystagmus which had an identical periodicity to the periodic alternating gaze. The underlying pathophysiology of periodic alternating nystagmus and periodic alternating gaze is discussed.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of Wernicke's disease complicating surgical therapy for morbid obesity is presented. Features emphasized include the occurrence of the condition in a nonalcoholic patient and the persistence of neurological signs and symptoms despite prompt therapy. Prophylactic treatment in situations of potential thiamine depletion is essential if iatrogenic Wemicke's disease is to be avoided.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Superior oblique muscle palsy is not only the most frequent cause of acquired vertical strabismus, anomalous head posturing and torsional diplopia, but also the most common isolated oculomotor paralysis seen n everyday ophthalmic practice. Adults typically present to the ophthalmologist with asthenopic symptoms of long duration, while children present with objective clinical signs.An understanding of the available subjective and objective examination techniques will enable the clinician to diagnose the presence of this cyclovertical muscle paralysis. There are clues from the examination that suggest a superior oblique palsy of long duration, which may save the patient a needless neurological workup and a 6-month wait before surgical options can be considered. There are also clues from the examination that suggest the presence of a “masked” bilateral superior oblique palsy.Most cases of previously diagnosed skew deviation, if examined closely, will actually turn out to be mild trochlear nerve pareses.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two patients with ocular ecchymosis and vertical diplopia following face and head trauma were initially thought to have orbital floor fractures. Subsequent evaluation failed to demonstrate blowout fractures and revealed opposite fourth nerve palsies as the cause of diplopia.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A series of 52 patients with scotomas attributed to tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficits—alone and in combination—was reviewed. Whether use of tobacco alone can produce a scotoma has been a controversial point; our series suggests that it can. Central and cecocentral scotomas did occur in association with smoking alone; there seems to be an association between cecocentral scotoma and cigar smoking especially. Central scotomas were seen more often in patients who consumed alcohol. Recovery from either type of scotoma was observed in 3 months when a therapeutic program of abstinence and B vitamins was followed. Although the number of patients we see with these scotomas has decreased, clinicians are urged to be aware of this disorder.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test may be insufficiently emphasized in the diagnosis of patients with euthyroid Graves' disease who have unexplained proptosis or vertical diplopia. We saw three patients who had these orbital symptoms and normal routine serum thyroid studies. The orbital computed tomograms (CT) found an orbital myopathy in all, and the diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy was made by an abnormal TRH test. Not all euthyroid Graves' patients will show a positive result, but in those who do, the test is diagnostic. The clinical summaries of our three patients and the applications of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in ophthalmic practice are reviewed.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of acute onset of right ocular ophthalmoplegia which is felt to be, on angiography, the result of thrombosis of a documented right cavernous sinus aneurysm, is presented. Possible pathophysiologic basis for this unusual finding is presented.

ISSN:0272-846X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID