摘要:

Abstract.Human fetal adrenal glands obtained at mid‐gestation were incubatedin vitro, and steroids in the incubation media and tissues were measured by radioim‐munoassay. During two consecutive one‐hour incubation periods, mean concentrations of 2.23±0.45 and 2.77±0.60 ng/h/mg tissue (±SE) of combined pregnenolone and pregnenolone‐sulfate were found in the media of the control group. When adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was added in the second half of incubation, the total pregnenolone level rose from an average of 1.90±0.42 to 5.89±2.00 ng/h/mg tissue (p0.05). The tissue content of these steroids increased slightly but not significantly in the ACTH group. Lesser amounts of 16α‐hydroxy‐DHA and 16α‐hydroxy‐DHA‐sulfate, progesterone and cortisol were also measured in both incubation media and tissue. Concentrations of these steroids did not change significantly upon the addition of ACTHin vitro. Thisin vitrostudy further supports the hypothesis that the fetal pituitary‐adrenal axis has the potential to respond to stress‐induced ACTH release and secretes steroids which are the precurs

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158121

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Hysterometry, a method for quantitative evaluation of the effect of pharmacologically active agents on the myometrium, has been applied to determine the effect of an oral contraceptive on uterine tonicity. Hysterometry was performed on the first day of each of two consecutive menstrual periods in 5 dysmenorrheic women. During the second cycle the women were given ethinylestradiol 50 μg and lynestrenol 1 mg per day for 22 days. After the intake of this oral contraceptive, uterine tonicity decreased in all women, the decrease being accompanied by relief of dysmenorrheic pain

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158122

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In an attempt to reduce the incidence of infectious complications after first trimester legal abortion 199 healthy, early pregnant women were treated with chloro‐quinaldol (SterosanRvaginal jelly) during six days before their vacuum aspiration. A group of 291 women served as control. In the treatment group 18 women (9%) had a postoperative gynecological infection while this condition was found in 37 women (12.8%) in the control group. This difference is not statistically significant. The authors conclude that preoperative prophylactic treatment with Sterosan vaginal jelly does not seem to reduce postoperative infectious complications after first trimester legal abortion

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158123

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A comparative study of labor induction has been performed on 471 consecutive patients. Primary amniotomy was performed in 227 cases, and 103 of these patients were stimulated, 57 patients with PGE2tablets and 46 with oxytocin. In the remaining 124 cases labor was induced within 4 hours without medical stimulation. Primary amniotomy was omitted in 244 cases, as the head was not engaged and the cervix was unripe. After random allocation to the treatment groups 125 patients received PGE2tablets (ProstinR), and 119 patients received oxytocin intravenously. After 2 days of stimulation without primary amniotomy, delivery was induced in 83 per cent of the patients receiving PGE2and in 84 per cent of the patients receiving oxytocin. All patients on whom primary amniotomy had been performed were delivered on the first day. There was no difference in the success rate between PGE2and oxytocin treatments in patients with the same Bishop score. The performance of amniotomy at the beginning of induction led to a significantly lower total dose as well as a lower maximal dose of PGE2and oxytocin. There was no difference in the duration of active labor in patients receiving PGE2or oxytocin.There were no differences in the incidence of fetal distress and low Apgar scores between the different groups. No serious side effects occurred. Vomiting and diarrhea in 14 patients (8 per cent) receiving PGE2was in contrast to 3 patients with these symptoms (2 per cent) in the oxytocin group.Oral administration of PGE2is a convenient, effective and safe alternative to oxytocin for the induction of labor; however, PGE2was not found superior to oxytocin in cases with a low Bishop score.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158124

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of metoclopramide on plasma prolactin levels was studied in 10 women in the second half of pregnancy.The IV injection of 10 mg metoclopramide produces a significant rise in prolactin in 15 minutes, a peak of up to 6.5‐fold over basal levels at 30 minutes and a sustained significant elevation for at least 4 hours.The results of this study indicate that maternal plasma protein levels although elevated, are still under inhibitory control and that the prolactin releasing capacity of the pituitary is maintained during pregnancy. The elevated hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide may be of help in investigating the role of prolactin in human pregnanc

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158125

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Plasma and red cell folate concentrations (Lactobacillus caseiactivity) have been studied in 43 women during pregnancy. Iron, but no folic acid supplement was given. The plasma folate concentrations decreased significantly during pregnancy and were lower than in the reference cases at term. The red cell folate concentrations were compatible with the reference material during early pregnancy, and significantly higher than the reference material at term. A significant decrease was observed during the last two months of pregnancy. The plasma folate and the red cell folate concentrations at different stages of pregnancy were correlated and a relationship was demonstrated between these parameters at different stages of pregnancy. The hemoglobin concentrations were compatible with the reference material during early pregnancy and at term.One hundred and sixty‐six women were also studied at term to evaluate the effect of repeated pregnancies on the folate status. Repeated pregnancies did not influence the plasma and red cell folate concentrations at term.We conclude that the folate intake is adequate to meet the increased requirements during pregnancy, and folic acid supplementation is therefore not recommended as a routine in normal pregnancies in this populatio

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158126

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The adverse effects of amphetamine addiction during pregnancy and the neonatal period were studied in 69 Swedish women. Almost one‐third of the women (Group I) succeeded in overcoming their addiction in early pregnancy. The women in Group I (n = 17), unlike those in Group II (n = 53), received the same amount of prenatal care as the average Swedish woman. An increased rate of preterm deliveries (25%) as well as a higher perinatal mortality (7.5%) was found in Group II. During the neonatal period an increased incidence of mother‐infant separation was found since many of the infants (46%) were transferred to pediatric wards for medical and social reasons. All new‐borns in Group I and 74% of infants born to mothers with continuous amphetamine addiction throughout pregnancy remained in their mother's custody following discharge from the maternity c

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158127

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.One hundred and forty‐five elective repeat cesarean sections performed in one large medical community during a two‐year period were studied. Ninety‐nine of the patients had no prenatal test for determination of pulmonary or fetal maturity; 18 patients had an amniocentesis for L/S ratio. Only two infants were thought to be delivered prematurely, at 37 weeks gestational age. One of these infants had no respiratory distress. The other infant was delivered before the EDC by menstrual dates because a single ultrasound measurement performed one week before delivery suggested “a term fetus”, and this infant had severe hyaline membrane disease. Six other infants had mild respiratory distress compatible with transient tachypnea or aspiration. In this medical community, one must question whether the risk of routine amniocentesis for L/S ratio before every elective repeat cesarean section might outweigh the potential benefits of the

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158128

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ultrasonic scanning in the first and early in the second trimester of pregnancy showed a high incidence (18 per cent) of possible placenta previa. A placenta which reached onto the internal cervical 0s but did not cover it in early pregnancy was found to be in the upper segment at a repeat scanning in the third trimester. The placenta which covered the internal cervical 0s either partially or completely was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding, abortion and placenta previa which was confirmed at repeated ultrasonic examination and at delivery.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158129

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden, was carried out in 1968‐69. Altogether 1462 women participated (participation rate 90.1 per cent). Five age strata were studied: 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 (women born in 1930, 1922, 1918, 1914 and 1908, respectively). The same women were re‐studied in 1974‐75. At this time 1302 women participated, corresponding to 89.1 per cent of those studied in 1968‐69 and 80.3 per cent of those initially sampled. The vast majority of the women had a natural menopause. The median age at the menopause was found to be about 50. The criteria for definition of menopause are discussed. No support was found for the theory of increased menopausal age with time. Estrogen therapy of postmeno‐pausal women was found to be much more common in 1974–75 tha

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348109158130

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY