ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054681

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.To evaluate the effect of serum from infertile and fertile patients with endometriosis on the development of 2‐cell mouse embryos.Patients.Serum was obtained from 26 infertile patients and 8 fertile patients with endometriosis. Mouse embryo development in serum samples was compared using χ2analysis.Results.In the infertile group 23% of the embryos reached blastocyst stage, whereas 22 of the 26 samples were embryo toxic. In the fertile group significantly more embryos (45%) developed to blastocysts and only one serum sample was embryo toxic.Conclusion.The embryo toxicity of serum samples from patients with endometriosis is related to the infertility associated with the disease and not with the diseaseper

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054682

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.This study was designed to assess the variations of gastrin (Ga) serum levels in mothers and newborns at birth in some perinatal disorders.Materials and methods.Ga levels were measured by RIA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid and cord sera of newborns in 55 cases with the following conditions: normal pregnancy and eutocic vaginal delivery (n=8), repeat cesarean section (n=10), and cardiotogographic register suggestive of fetal compromise (n=15), cephalopelvic disproportion (n=8), preeclampsia (n=7) and postdate pregnancy (n=7). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann‐Whitney U test.Results.Ga levels in cord sera of newborn and amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy and eutocic delivery were significantly higher (p<0.02 andp<0.01, respectively) than those found in patients with repeat cesarean operation. Serum Ga concentrations in women with postterm pregnancy were significantly higher (p<0.02) than in women with prior cesarean section. Ga levels in amniotic fluid samples in the presence of suspected fetal compromise and postdate pregnancy were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those observed in women who had repeat cesarean operation.Conclusion.Vaginal delivery and perinatal pathology may induce hypergastrinemia in both mother and neonate at birt

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054683

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.Previously, we have found uterine artery blood veloeimetry performed with Doppler ultrasound without vessel visualization to be a poor predictor of perinatal outcome. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the combination of color Doppler imaging with the method would improve its predictive value.Methods.In a cross‐sectional study of 110 uncomplicated pregnancies, uterine artery blood velocity was recorded bilaterally from 18 to 42 weeks of gestation to obtain reference values for pulsatility index (PI). Using color Doppler imaging, the main uterine artery was located as it crosses the iliac vessels and blood velocity was then recorded with pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The uterine and umbilical blood velocity waveforms were also obtained in 421 complicated pregnancies, and the results related to placental site and perinatal outcome.Results.In uncomplicated pregnancies, the uterine artery PI was unrelated to gestational age using 1.20 as the upper cut‐off limit for the mean PI of both vessels (mean+2 s.d.). Corresponding values for unilateral placental localization were 1.00 at the placental side and 1.40 at the non‐placental side. Blood velocities obtained using the color Doppler combination were similar to previously presented results. In the complicated pregnancies, significant correlation was found between abnormal perinatal outcome and abnormality of the uterine artery blood velocity waveform, either increased PI (n=44) or a notch in early diastole (n=92). The predictive value of an early diastolic notch was superior to an increased PI in predicting abnormal outcome. The mean PI for both uterine arteries was a better predictor of outcome than blood velocity on the placental side. The blood velocity waveforms on the non‐placental side were the poorest predictors of outcome.Conclusion.The addition of color Doppler imaging to pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound recording of uterine artery blood velocity improves the predictive value of blood velocity waveforms with regard to the perinatal

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054684

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.An effect of maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein screening on prevalence rates for neural tube defects (NTD's) has been demonstrated in some populations. The present study tests the hypothesis that regional rates in the Danish low risk population reflects screening activities.Methods.Cross‐sectional survey for neural tube defects through the Danish Malformation Register.Results.The prevalence rate for all neural tube defects was 5.8 pr 104births which is lower than in most other populations. Standardized risk ratios for NTD in two regions with a program for alfa‐fetoprotein screening were 0.1 (95% c.i. 0.0‐0.7) and 0.4 (95% c.i. 0.2‐0.9). Relative risk at 0.6 (95% c.i: 0.4‐1.1) was found in one county with screening of approximately one third of pregnancies. In most other counties<5% of pregnant women had been examined and point estimates of relative risks varied from 0.9‐1.7.Conclusion.There was a good agreement between prevalence of neural tube defects at birth and regional alfa‐fetoprotein screening activity. This can be taken as a strong indication of a secondary preventive effect from screening in a population witha priorilow risk for NTD's. However, other aspects of screening should also be taken into consideration before general program

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054685

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and delivery in singleton pregnancy. Nevertheless, this association is not well established among patients with multiple gestations. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of intraamniotic infection in the setting of twin pregnancies.Methods.Consecutive women with twin gestations, intact membranes and preterm labor who underwent transabdominal amniocentesis under sonographic guidance. Amniotic fluid (AF) was retrieved from both sacs and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms as well as for Mycoplasma species. Intraamniotic infection was defined as a positive AF culture for microorganisms. Mann WhitneyUtest or Student r‐test or Fisher's exact test were utilized for analysis.Results.Amniotic fluid was obtained from 74 patients. Sixty‐eight women delivered prematurely (91.9%). Amniotic fluid culture results were positive for microorganisms in nine cases and all women with intraamniotic infection delivered prematurely as well as 59 (90.7%) patients with negative culture. Among the nine patients with intraamniotic infection, microorganisms were isolated from the presenting sac in five cases (55.6%), from both sacs in three patients (33.3%) and from the upper sac in the remaining case (11.1%). Patients with a positive AF culture had a more advanced cervical dilatation, a shorter interval amniocentesis‐to‐delivery and a higher incidence of clinical chorioamnionitis than those with a negative AF culture.Conclusions.The prevalence of intraamniotic infection and clinical and histological chorioamnionitis in twin pregnancies and preterm labor is similar to singleton pregnancies and preterm labor. Therefore, women with multiple gestations and preterm labor should be managed as singleton preg

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054686

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.The aim of the study was to investigate maternal risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and also to describe risk factors for prematurity persein our population.Design.A retrospective, population‐based study.Material and methods.The study group included the mothers (identified with the help of a National Birth Register) of 202 single‐born preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 grams or less, from a previous population‐based study. From the same register we also received information on 307 mothers of full term pregnancies for description of risk factors for preterm birth. Data from antenatal clinics, labor rooms and neonatal units were studied.Results.Univariate analysis of maternal risk factors for ROP revealed a few positive findings. In a further logistic multiple regression analysis, apart from gestational age at birth and birth weight, only essential hypertension prior to pregnancy was a predicting risk factor (odds/ ratio 8.36, 95% confidence interval 1.62‐43.0).Conclusions.Prematurityper seremains the strongest risk factor

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054687

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.To assess the efficacy and safety of a high‐dosage oxytocin induction regimen.Methods.A randomized prospective study of 179 patients who received an initial dose of either 2.5 (n=98) or 1.25 (n=81) mU/minute of oxytocin, with increments of 2.5 mU/minute or 1.25 at 30‐minute intervals.Results.Failure rates (15.3% versus 19.8%), time to delivery, the number of assisted vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections, and maternal and fetal complications were not significantly different in the two protocols. However, the use of a high oxytocin dose resulted in significantly higher mean peak doses and increased total cumulative amounts. These were associated with a significant need to modify the oxytocin infusion protocol for hyperstimulation and fetal heart rate changes (65.1% versus 46.2%).Conclusions.Induction with higher dose oxytocin increments did not shorten time to delivery, but was associated with an increase in uterine hyperstimulation. Low‐dose oxytocin was found to be appropriate and safe for labor indu

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054688

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.To evaluate the influence of a bath on infectious morbidity in mothers and neonates in women with prelabor rupture of the membranes after 34 weeks of gestation.Methods.A nonrandomized study of 1385 healthy women. During the first stage of labor 538 women wanted a bath while 847 did not. The women awaited spontaneous contractions up to 24 or 72 hours after the membranes had ruptured before labor was induced with oxytocin. Digital examinations of the cervix were avoided until onset of active labor or until the time induction was planned. For statistical analysis Fisher's exact test was used.Results.Chorioamnionitis during labor occured in 1.1% of the women in the bath group and in 0.2% in the reference group (p=0.06). Postpartum endometritis was found in three cases both in the bath group (0.6%) and in the reference group (0.4%) (p=0.68). The frequency of neonates receiving antibiotics was 3.7% and 4.8% respectively (p=0.43).Conclusion. Atub bath did not increase the risk of maternal or neonatal infection after premature rupture of the membranes and prolonged latency.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054689

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.To reveal factors influencing the prospect for vaginal delivery in very prolonged pregnancy.Material and methods.Thirty‐six nulliparae and 14 multiparae delivered beyond 43 weeks followed a routine surveillance protocol. Labor was induced on strict indications (n=11; oligohydramnios, large fetus, hypertension) and on ‘soft’ indications (n=24; favorable cervix, emotional stress).Statistics.Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained for maternal stature and birthweight with regard to mode of delivery. Student's unpaired r‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test were used with a two‐tailedp4250 g were unfavorable factors. In uncomplicated pregnancy with favorable factors spontaneous labor can be awaited for

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054690

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY