摘要:

Abstract.The results are presented of a prospective study on drug use during pregnancy involving antibiotics, analgesic drugs and iron and vitamin preparations. The study was conducted in Malmö between 1963 and 1965. No unfavourable effect of the use of antibiotics, mainly penicillin and sulphonamides, could be demonstrated. Among 15 women who had an infant with hypospadias, three had used penicillin during the first trimester, but this may well be coincidental. Analgesic drug use shows a variability which resembles that previously described for psychopharmaca. No effect on the malformation rate or infant survival could be found. A possible lengthening of the mean duration of pregnancy occurred after the use of analgesic drugs during the 2nd or 3rd trimesters. Women who are going to have a dead or malformed infant use iron and/or vitamin preparations less often during late pregnancy than women who prove to have a normal infant. When such drugs were used, the percentage of pregnancies ending in birth before the 38th week is reduced, and the birth weight among term babies is higher. The associations between pregnancy outcome and the use of iron and vitamin preparations is probably indirect, due to social factors associated with drug use

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158500

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The urinary excretion of histamine and its metabolites methylhistamine (MeHi) and methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA) was measured during the menstrual cycle in nine healthy women, one allergic woman and three non‐pregnant women with anovulatory regular cycles. Simultaneous urinary analyses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total estrogens were performed. The healthy women showed individual variations in the excretion of histamine, MeHi and MeImAA. This observation has been interpreted as an expression of minor individual differences in the catabolism of histamine. At midcycle an increase in the urinary excretion of histamine metabolites was sometimes evident and a statistically significant correlation could be established between MeHi and estrogen in urine. These results may support previous findings of histamine release by estrogens in uterine tissue but may also reflect an elevated histamine formation. The allergic woman excreted constantly increased amounts of histamine and its metabolites, especially when her allergic symptoms became aggravated pre‐menstrually. She did not exhibit any change in MeImAA excretion at midcycle but the MeHi‐excretion varied with the excretion of estrogens in the urine. The subjects with anovulatory menstrual cycles had low values of histamine and metabolites although within the normal varia

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158501

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of epidural block with bupivacaine (Marcaine‐adrenalin®) on fetal heart rate, uterine activity, and the frequency and intensity of contractions was studied in twenty‐five nulliparae at term. Uterine activity was found to decrease during the first 30 minutes following epidural block. In the time interval 30 to 40 minutes after epidural block uterine activity increased again and attained the same level as during the last 10 minutes before analgesia. The frequency of uterine con‐tractious did not decrease after the block. The lower levels of uterine contractility were due only to a lower amplitude of the contractions. The regularizing effect of epidural analgesia on incoordinate uterine action was noted. The recording of fetal heart rate in the time interval studied revealed no pathological findings. Mode of delivery, mean labour duration and Apgar scores after epidural block were comparable with earlier studies of a larger patient population. This study suggest that epidural analgesia does not induce any important changes in fetal heart rate but temporarily decreases uterine ac

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158502

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The literature concerning perforation and imminent perforation of the caecum is reviewed. The greatest importance is attached to 5 cases of perforation of the caecum associated with paralyticileus following Caesarean section. The caecal diameter was determined by radiography in 100 patients on the 3rd and 5th day after Caesarean section. At the same time the volume of subdiaphragmatic free gas was assessed. An average caecal diameter of 6.4 cm was found, which is not different from the findings in the normal population. Increasing caecal diameter during the puerperium gives rise to suspicion of the caecum. In 90% of the patients free subdiaphragmatic gas disappeared by the 5th day after Caesarean section.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158503

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The “uterus‐specific” beta‐adrenoceptor stimulator isoxsuprine was used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in a double‐blind controlled clinical study. No significant beneficial effect of the drug wa

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158504

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A bacterial culture was taken from the cervix in 85 sexually active women before, and 3 and 6 months after, insertion of either a copper‐releasing or an inert intra‐uterine contraceptive device (IUD). Sixty had a Copper‐T (TCu‐200) and 25 a Lippes loop D. Although in more than a quarter of the patients the bacterial flora increased slightly in diversity and abundance after IUD insertion, there was no difference in effect between the TCu‐200 and Lipp

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158505

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Treatment with conjugated oestrogens was found to increase significantly the serum concentration of the pregnancy zone protein (PZ) in a group of postmenopausal women. The basic level of PZ before treatment was comparatively high in this group of women and might be related to age and previous pregnancies. Naturally occurring conjugated oestrogens have a similar effect on the induction of PZ as synthetic oestrogens.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158506

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Smooth muscle is capable of responding by contraction to mechanical distension. Neither the structural basis for this phenomenon nor the theories of smooth muscle behavior are completely clear. A method is now described by which the contractile response to mechanical distension of the human uterine muscle in vivo is determined. The distension is enforced sinusoidally within the frequency range 0.005–2 Hz, by filling and emptying a rubber balloon introduced into the uterine cavity. A tonometric index of the myometrium is defined using Hook's law after the approximate evaluation of a contractile modulus and the tangential stress and strain in the inner layer of the uterine wall. The regression line of indices upon frequency is calculated and intercept and regression coefficient of the equation for basic conditions are compared with those obtained during administration of pharmacologically active agents. It is suggested that the differences in intercepts and regression coefficients be used as a measure of drug effec

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158507

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Sympathomimetic amines have been used with the aim of abolishing uterine contractions. On the basis of results from an in vivo technique for testing the specificity and affinity of the beta2‐receptor stimulating agents, salbutamol was used for a clinical trial. Five case histories were selected in order to illustrate the possibility of utilizing salbutamol in emergency cases with the aim of achieving uterine relaxation during the period of time between the admission of the patient and the commencement of delivery by, for example, caesarean sectio

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158508

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In order to further investigate the mode of action of clomiphene citrate, 5 oophorectomized women in the age range 28 to 41 years were followed with weekly determinations of serum FSH and LH for 20 weeks after the operation. They received no treatment during the first 4 weeks but during the next 16 weeks they were given estradiol 2 mgx2 daily orally, and from the 12th to the 16th week in addition clomiphene citrate 50 mgx2 daily. The high level of FSH after the oophorectomy decreased gradually during the treatment with estradiol alone, but this effect was partly neutralized by clomiphene citrate, as we observed a significant increase in FSH within 1 week of initiating treatment with clomiphene citrate. On the other hand, we did not find any significant changes in FSH within 4 weeks after treatment with clomiphene citrate was discontinued. The high level of LH after oophorectomy did not show any significant changes during the whole treatment period. It is concluded that clomiphene citrate primarily stimulated FSH secretion, most probably by a competition with estradiol for the receptor sites in the hypothalamus or the pituitary. In addition, it is concluded that clomiphene citrate has a prolonged effect, probably because of a tight binding to the receptor sites.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347609158509

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY