ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023414

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023415

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunohistochemical localization of pituitary gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and estrogen was investigated in 17 ovaries from ten postmenopausal women. Positive immunostaining for 17β‐estradiol was demonstrated in the cortical stroma of 14 postmenopausal ovaries. Positive immunostaining for FSH was localized in the cortical stroma of 12 postmenopausal ovaries, and positive immunostaining for LH was also localized in 12 ovaries. Immunohistochemical localization for pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and/ or LH) and 17β‐estradiol was identified in the same hypertrophic cortical stroma of 13 postmenopausal ovaries. The ultrastructural study suggested steroidogenic activity in the cortical stromal cells of the postmenopausal ovary. In addition, peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of 17β‐estradiol were measured in 13 postmenopausal subjects, and significant concentration gradient for serum 17β‐estradiol was noted. The ovarian/peripheral concentration gradient for 17β‐estradiol had a tendency to be higher in the subjects with positive immunostaining for 17β‐estradiol compared with that in the subjects with negative immunostaining. The present results suggest that the human ovary secretes estrogen in response to pituitary gonadotropins even af

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023416

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To compare the tumorigenic activity of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 DNA in mammalian cells in primary culture, HPV DNAs were transfected to Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Morphologically transformed foci were observed in all the HPV DNA‐transfected cultures and cells propagated from these foci were immortalized. All these cell lines at early passages were not tumorigenic in nude mice. However, a cell line derived from HPV 16 transfection became tumorigenic after 25 passages and a cell line derived from HPV 18 transfection also revealed tumorigenicity after 48 passages. Overexpression of the Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene occurred in these transformed cell lines. No tumorigenic activity was observed in HPV 6 and HPV 11‐transfected cell lines. All these observations suggest that HPVs 16 and 18 have a higher transforming potential than do HPVs 6 and 11 and can solely induce tumorigenic transformation of cells in primary cultures, with continuous

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023417

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In vitro studies on dispersed human endometrial cells are still difficult to perform as the techniques employed do not allow an optimal separation of the cells. In particular, epithelial glands tend to maintain their tubular structure even after enzymatic dispersion. This could be a disadvantage when monolayers of single well dispersed cells are needed. In this paper we describe a new technique to establish monolayer cultures of isolated endometrial stromal and epithelial cell populations. After a first collagenase digestion, stromal and epithelial cells were separated by differential sedimentation at unity gravity. The epithelial glands obtained were further dispersed in single cells using a short incubation with low amount of trypsin. Morphologic characterization was performed using immunohistochemistry for vimentin and cytokeratins. Compared to previous described methods, this procedure is shorter and could better preserve cell surface structures. Thus, it could be successfully employed for in vitro studies of human endometrial pathophysiology.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023418

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective ‐To determine: 1) if 18 mg iron daily is sufficient to cover the iron need during normal pregnancy, and 2) if women, who will not need iron supplementation during pregnancy, can be identified by early screening.Design‐ In a prospective study the women were randomized to receive either 18 or 100 mg iron daily from the 16th week until delivery. Investigations were performed in the 16th, 30th, and 38th week.Subjects‐ Healthy nulliparae (n = 43) experiencing a normal singleton pregnancy. Only women with a normal hemoglobin concentration and intact iron stores (S‐Ferritin 15 ug/ I) in the 16th week were included.Variables‐ These measurements were done consecutively: 1) the total hemoglobin mass (with carbon monoxide), 2) S‐Ferritin, 3) S‐Transferrin, 4) S‐Iron, 5) red cell indices (hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC).Results ‐Changes in red cell indices and S‐Transferrin were equal in the two groups. There was no significant difference in S‐Ferritin in the 16th week. In the 30th week 3 women (14%) in the 100 mg group and 11 (52%) in the 18 mg group had empty iron stores (p<0.05). The numbers were 1 (5%) and 15 (72%) in the 38th week(p<0.0001). The increment in total hemoglobin mass was equal in the two groups from the 16th to the 30th week (13% in the 100 mg group and 12% in the 18 mg group). From the 30th to the 38th week the increment in total hemoglobin mass was largest in the 100 mg group (8.1% versus 2.7%,p<0.05).Conclusion ‐Despite a normal hemoglobin concentration and intact iron stores in the 16th week, an iron supplementation of 18 mg daily is not sufficient to cover the iron need in many pregnant wom

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023419

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been considered by many investigators to be a risk factor for preterm labor. We have followed vaginal pH and the persistence of clue cells in Papanicolaou stained smears in 119 pregnant women during the course of pregnancy. Of 19 patients with clue cells in their smears during the first trimester, 11 (58%) still had clue cells at the second visit during the third trimester. Of the 100 patients without clue cells during their first trimester, none exhibited clue cells during the third trimester. If the persistence of clue cells is truly a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome, screening in the first trimester would identify a risk group of 15%. This risk group diminishes to 9% at the time of the third trimester. Vaginal pH>4.5 had a recovery sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 83%. If clue cells can be considered as the identifying standard for bacterial vaginosis, the sensitivity and specificity of pH is 89% and 94%, respectively. The establishment of the diagnosis of BV during pregnancy and, in some cases, the treatment of the condition may be important as routine procedures in the antenatal center.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023420

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background. Volume regulation and hemodynamic functions change during pregnancy, leading to marked increases in blood volume and cardiac output, peripheral vasodilatation and reduced sensitivity to angiotensin. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is intimately involved in fluid and sodium homeostasis and exerts marked relaxant activity on vascular smooth muscle pre‐contracted with angiotensin. This study was performed to clarify the rôle of ANP as a regulator of maternal physiology.Methods. 40 normal primigravidae were examined five times during pregnancy plus 12 weeks after delivery. Each time were measured: ANP, aldosterone, renin, blood volume (carbon monoxide), cardiac output (Doppler), blood pressure and sodium excretion. Interdependence of the changes in ANP and in the other parameters was tested using Spearman's rank correlation test on the delta (δ)‐values (the differences between investigations).Results. P‐ANP in the 20th week was 11.4 (8.5−18.9) pmol 1−1(median, 25 and 75 percentiles), the same as 12 weeks after delivery, 11.5 (9.6−15.2) pmoll−1, and in a non‐pregnant control group, 10.4 (9.0−12.5) pmol l−1(n = 20). All measurements of P‐ANP during the 3rd trimester were lower than in the 20th week and 12 weeks after delivery,p<0.0001 (Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test). There was a negative correlation between changes in P‐ANP and changes in:a)blood volume,R =−0.69, /?<0.0001,b)aldosterone,R =−0.58, p<0.0001,c)renin,R=– 0.54, p<0.001,d)cardiac output,R=– 0.61, P<0.0001. There was a positive correlation between changes in P‐ANP and changes in:a)fractional excretion of sodium, R = 0.54, p<0.0001, andb)total peripheral resistance,R =0.52,p<0.0001.Conclusion. Decrease in p‐ANP is one of the mechanisms whereby blood volume is increased and maintained during pregnancy. The competitive relationship between ANP and the renin‐aldosterone system in regulating sodium balance and fluid volume is preserved during pregnancy. The results substantiate the physiological importance of ANP as a regulator of blood volume. ANP does not fun

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023421

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1984 ‐just before the extensive public information about prevention of HIV infection by the use of the condom (the AIDS campaigns) ‐ personal interviews about sexual experiences and use of contraception were obtained in random samples of 16‐20 year old Danes. The investigation was repeated in 1989 addressing the issue of whether the behavior of adolescents regarding sexual intercourse and use of contraception has changed. In 1984 in all 286 females (respondent rate = 75.3%) and 336 males (respondent rate = 77.8%) agreed to be interviewed. The second investigation in 1989 involved new cohorts of 16‐20 year olds and here 359 females (respondent rate = 77.9%) and 400 males (respondent rate=76.3%) participated. In 1984 approximately 20% and in 1989 approximately 10% reported no use of contraception at first sexual intercourse. In both investigations oral contraception (OC) and condom were by far the predominant methods mentioned. In 1984 38.1% of females and 34.4% of males used OC and 37.2% of females and 42.1% of males employed condom. In 1989 26.7% of females and 30.8% of males used OC and 64.8% of females and 62.1% of males employed condom. No sex difference in the distribution of the various contraceptive methods could be revealed. From 1984 to 1989 the prevalence of condom increased significantly. In the first investigation 15.9% of sexually experienced females reported no present use of contraception. The most frequently used device was OC (62.7%). The second investigation collected information about contraception employed at the most recent sexual intercourse from both females and males. Approximately 5% of both sexes mentioned no use of contraception. In all 56.7% of females and 49.1% of males reported OC. In conclusion, the AIDS campaigns in Denmark seem to have increased the use of condom at first sexual intercourse. The intention to have a condom handy has also improved among the 16‐20 year olds. In 1989 a total of 36.9% of females and 52.0% of males used condom at their most recent sexual in

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023422

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Endovaginal ultrasound scanning was used preoperatively in 100 women with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding referred for dilatation and curettage. The ultrasonographic appearance of the endometrium was related to the histologic diagnosis. Endometrial malignancy was found in 15 patients, in 2/45 (4.4%) of women aged less than 60 years and in 13/55 (23.6%) of women aged 60 years or more. Out of 54 patients with an endometrial thickness of less than 5 mm as measured by ultrasound, 3 had an endometrial malignancy, and 12 of 45 with an endometrial thickness of 5 mm or more, had an endometrial malignancy. The sensitivity of ultrasound to detect malignancy was 80%, the specificity was 60%, the positive and negative predictive values were 26% and 94.4%. The sensitivity and the negative predictive value was not high enough to replace histologic examination of the endometrium.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309023423

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY