ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009894

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective case record analysis of all perinatal and late neonatal deaths in Iceland in the periods 1976–80 and 1981–85 was done and the causes of death classified according to the extended Aberdeen classification. There was a significant (p<0.0001) reduction in number of deaths between the two periods with perinatal mortality rates declining from 10.6/1000 in 1976–80 to 6.8/1000 in 1981–85. In 1976–80 there were 81 (33%) antepartum, 37 (15%) intrapartum and 128 (52%) neonatal deaths compared to 61 (38%) antepartum, 13 (8%) intrapartum and 86 (54%) neonatal deaths in 1981–85.Fetal abnormalitywas the most common cause of death in both periods followed by the categoryLow birthweightin 1976–80. In 1981–85 increased morphological detection of infection in infants of very low birthweight by placental examination and autopsies lead to a shift from the categoryLow birthweighttoMaternal Disease, the second most common cause in that period.To achieve lower perinatal mortality rates efforts should be directed towards lowering anteparturn losses near term and increasing survival of very low birt

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009895

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective study of all perinatal and neonatal deaths in Iceland in 1976–85, the circumstances surrounding each death were carefully evaluated to assess the quality of care given and to identify cases of suboptimal care. In 1976–80, 87 or 35% of peri‐ and neonatal deaths were associated with suboptimal care and 46 or 29% of peri‐ and neonatal deaths in 1981–85. Most of the infants weighed more than 1500 g. Suboptimal care was most commonly seen in conjunction with antenatal care in both five‐year periods, with a 25% (N.S.) reduction of cases in 1981–85. Suboptimal intrapartum care was significantly reduced (p0.05), of suboptimal neonatal care between the two periods. A few cases were attributable to maternal decisions taken against medical advice, most of them in the latter period. Perinatal care improved during the study period. The task of further lowering perinatal mortality rates depends on vigilance to abnormal findings in routine a

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009896

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Underlying causes of infant death, as coded in the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases, have been grouped into a system of seven functional categories plus one additional group of “other and unclassifiable” diagnoses. The groups comprise congenital anomalies, asphyxia related conditions, immaturity related conditions, infections, sudden death, deaths due to external causes, and other specific conditions. The groups were constructed by using a frequency distribution of underlying cause of death in 200 000 infant deaths in 1980–84 in the USA. When analysed according to age at death and according to birth weight, the distribution of the functional groups had patterns which corresponded to what might be expected clinically. Each functional group has common features which require intervention at a specific time for prevention and treatment. We propose that it is used as a tool in epide‐miological surveillance and to guide health authorities in priorities for disease control. International comparisons of time trends will be und

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009897

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 87 pregnancies complicated by heart disease, delivered during the decade 1977–86, 70 (81%) had a congenital heart malformation. 7 (8%) an acquired heart disease and 10 (11%) arrhythmias or conduction disturbances. The incidence was 0.3 %. The corresponding data from a report from Rigshospitalet during the 1950s were: 42%. 49%, and 9%, respectively, and an incidence of 0.9%. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) were the most frequent malformations. The women were classified according to the NYHA before, during and after the pregnancy. All women except 4 re‐entered their original functional class. In 51 cases, ECG showed completely normal sinus rhythm, while in 36, various degrees of arrhythmia or conduction disturbance were found as well as left or right ventricular hypertrophy and/or strains. Nine infants had congenital defects, 4 of which were a heart malformation (4.6%). One infant died. Gestational duration, weight and perinatal mortality did not differ significantly from that of the general population. Two women died, one of primary pulmonary hypertension and one with a rupture of the thoracic aorta. Rheumatic heart disease is no longer a significant factor in relation to pregnancy in Denmark, but congenital heart disease is still of great importance, because more survive and reach the age of fertility. Today most women can be brought safely through pregnancy, but obstetric, cardiologic and anesthesiologic expertise is still mandatory for a successful course and outcome of pregnancies complicated by heart dise

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009898

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009899

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Transvaginal color Doppler was used to analyse a group of 56 patients including 41 with proven pelvic masses and 15 infertility patients with normal pelvic anatomy. All patients were examined by ultrasound before laparoscopy or/and laparo‐tomy. The ultrasonographer had not been informed of other clinical findings and indications for operative treatment. Comparison of blood flow characteristics within uterine fibromas and ovarian malignancies revealed less impedance and higher blood velocity in cases of malignancy. When predicting the malignant nature of pelvic tumors, no false‐negative results were encounted, and only one false positive diagnosis of maligna

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009900

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma gonadotropins and estradiol levels were evaluated in 155 peri‐ and postmenopausal women. The average menopausal age was 52.5 years in 56 postmenopausal women. Plasma FSH and LH levels showed hypergonadotropinemia in many premenopausal women 45–49 years old, whose plasma estradiol levels, however, sometimes remained higher than 25 pg/ml. It was observed that 19 of 38 women (50%) had an estradiol level exceeding 25 pg/ml, of those 50–59 years old, whose gonadotropin level showed hypergonadotropinemia in 29 cases (76.3%). Ovarian vein levels of estradiol obtained during laparotomy of 21 patients were significantly higher than peripheral vein concentrations. In 3 of 5 climacteric women with irregular menstrual intervals and whose plasma gonadotropin level was within the postmenopausal range, some degree of estradiol secretion in the ovarian vein was detected. Estradiol was still present in the ovarian vein blood of some postmenopausal women. These data show that the basal gonadotropin level may become high several years before the menopause and that some ovarian function may be preserved after the menopause. Furthermore, it is possible that estrogen secretion may be disturbed by consistent hypersecretion of gonadotropins in the climacteric p

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009901

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a newly found group of inborn errors of metabolism in which there is a failure in the aerobic energy production. Disorders of mitochondrial metabolism exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms which are related to the nature, severity and tissue distribution of the metabolic defect. Most reported cases are published in the neurological literature. In this report we describe for the first time a family with mitochondrial dysfunction with a high incidence of pre‐eclampsia/ eclampsia. The diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder is verified by electronmicro‐scopic, electromyographic, histochemical and biochemical examinations. During pregnancy, the energy demand is increased due to both fetal and maternal requirements. A mitochondrial dysfunction, clinically symptomless in the non‐pregnant state, may therefore become manifest during pregnancy. Characteristic features of pre‐eclampsia such as disturbed ion transport, disturbed prostaglandin synthesis, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and hyperuricemia may be explained by mitochondrial dys

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009902

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

48 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy received a single oral dose of placebo or enisoprost (prostaglandinE1analogue): 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 400 μg. Uterine activity was recorded for 1 h before and for 4 h after administration of the study drug with a Millar microtransducer. There was a dose‐related increase in mean resting and active pressure, but not in frequency of pressure cycles. At the highest dose used, namely 400 ug, all 6 subjects bled. Enisoprost dilated the cervix and any further dilatation required was easy to accompli

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348909009903

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY