ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058151

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058152

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper discusses different aspects of calcium homeostasis in pregnancy: the calcium demands of the mother, regulation mechanisms and the risk factors for demineralization. Special care should be paid to patients lying in bed for long periods and patients given heparin prophylaxis. One to two grams of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D daily should be given orally to patients who are being treated for deep vein thrombosis. In addition, bone density should be checked to detect osteoporosis. The period of heparin prophylaxis must be as short as possible and bed rest must not be unnecessarily prolonged.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058153

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cumulus enclosed oocytes, cumulus enclosed oocytes denuded of their cumulus and cumulus free oocytes from 21 day old unstimulated mice were cultured for 18 hours in control medium supplemented with lithium chloride, dbcAMP and forskolin at various concentrations. In control medium 66% of the cumulus enclosed oocytes, 93% of the denuded oocytes, and 94% of the cumulus free oocytes resumed meiosis (germinal vesicle breakdown), whereas the levels of polar body formation were 27%, 12% and 39%, respectively. In the presence of lithium significantly more cumulus enclosed oocytes and cumulus free oocytes resumed meiosis and formed a polar body, whereas lithium had no effect on the denuded oocytes. Forskolin and dbcAMP stimulated resumption of meiosis and cumulus expansion in the cumulus enclosed oocytes and inhibited resumption of meiosis in the cumulus free oocytes. Lithium more or less eliminated this inhibitory effect of both forskolin and dbcAMP in the cumulus free oocytes. The results indicate (i) that activation of the cAMP second messenger path in the cumulus cells induces them to synthesize a meiosis inducing substance(s) which stimulates the oocyte to resume meiosis, and (ii) that other second messenger systems than the cAMP pathway, e.g. the phosphatidylinositol cycle, are involved in resumption of meiosis and polar body formation. We conclude that lithium enhances the capability of mouse oocytes for resumption of meiosis and polar body formation.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058154

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cultured intact fetal membrane disks initially produced high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the fetal and maternal sides which declined during four days of culture. The transfer of a bolus of PGE2 from the fetal side to the maternal side of the membrane ranged from 1% to 3% after 24 hours of culture, and was a minimum over the period of 48–72 hours from the start of the incubation. To assess the handling of PGE2 synthesised by the amnion,3H‐arachidonic acid was incorporated into cultured amnion and into the amnion side of cultured intact fetal membrane disks. Labelled amnion released3H‐PGE2 on both sides of the tissue, whereas similarly labelled cultured intact fetal membrane only had detectable levels of3H‐PGE2 on the fetal side. It was calculated that no more than 9.7 ± 1.4% of the PGE2 synthesised by the amnion crossed to the maternal side of the membrane without being metabolised during the transfer through the membrane. These results are consistent with similar indirect methods which suggested that PGE2 from the amnion may have only a limited role in human labor, and indicates the importance of using appropriate culture systems to investigate intra‐uterine prostaglandin

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058155

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate on maternal and fetal blood flow in pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Twelve patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension were prospectively studied with transcranial pulsed Doppler and transabdominal color flow Doppler before and after infusion of a 6 gram intravenous loading dose of magnesium sulfate. The maternal vessels studied included the middle cerebral, common carotid, and internal carotid arteries. The fetal vessels studied included the middle cerebral, renal, and umbilical arteries. In addition the maternal circulation in the placental base plate was imaged. The results of this descriptive study suggest that a 6 gram loading dose of magnesium sulfate significantly vasodilates the vascular bed distal to the maternal middle cerebral artery, and increases blood velocity in this distribution. There was no significant change in pulsatility index or blood velocity in the central large vessels of the head and neck. There were no acute effects noted in the fetal or placental vessels evalua

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058156

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐two primiparous women with hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) associated with intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) were compared with 20 parous women in whom HDP associated with IUGR appeared for the first time in a second or a later pregnancy. Both groups of women were followed up for 10–13 years. The course of the disease among the parous women was more severe as compared to the primiparous women; the mean gestational age at the first increase in blood pressure and gestational age at delivery were significantly earlier in the parous group (33.3 weeks ± 3.5 v.s. 35.3 ± 3.2 weeks,p<0.01, 36.2 weeks ± 2.2 v.s. 37.6 ± 1.9p<0.01 accordingly). Maternal indication for induction of labor because of uncontrollable hypertension was present in 77% of the cases in the parous group as compared to 31% in the primiparous group (

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058157

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied 157 pregnant women living in Merida, Spain, during their third trimester of pregnancy and their newborns at birth, analyzing the mother's and the umbilical cord's blood for hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron and serum ferritin. We observed statistically significant correlations between hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the mother with erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values of her child and between serum iron of mother and child. The blood levels in the umbilical cord did not decrease until the ferritin value of the mother was<12 μg/1. Under these conditions the ferritin levels in the umbilical cord blood (80.4 μg/1) were significantly lower than in those newborn infants whose mother had adequate ferritin levels (123 μg/1). We deduce that maternal iron status seems to condition, at least partially, fetal iron status, specially when the mother has some deficiencies. We did not find a lower birth weight in children of anemic mothers. Actually, we found an inverse correlation between maternal hemoglobin values and infant birth weight (r=‐0.1731,p<0.05). It is possible that the demands on the mother are increased in the case of a newborn infant of greater

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058158

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to determine if intra partum meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is associated with infectious morbidity in women with pre term delivery. The study group was composed of 89 women with pre term delivery and MSAF. The control group comprised 89 women with pre term delivery and clear amniotic fluid, matched for maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, rate of premature rupture of membranes, breech presentation and mode of delivery. The parameters of maternal infectious morbidity were compared between the two groups during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. The prevalence of recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group, 7.8% (7/89) vs. 0% (0/89), respectively (p= 0.02). During delivery women with MSAF had a significantly higher rate of clinical chorioamnionitis than women without MSAF, 6% (6/89) vs. 0% (0/89), respectively (p= 0.03). Histological chorioamnionitis was also significantly higher in patients with intra partum MSAF, as compared to those with clear amniotic fluid, 11.2% (10/89) vs. 0% (0/89), respectively (p= 0.03). In addition, women in the study group had a significantly higher post partum infectious morbidity rate and endometritis than women in the control group [52.8% (47/89) vs. 37.1% (33/89) (p= 0.05); 18% (16/89) vs. 7.8% (7/89) (p= 0.03), respectively]. We conclude that intra partum MSAF should be considered as a potential marker for infectious morbidity in women with pre term labor and delivery.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058159

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the effects of interventions during delivery on the maternal and neonatal C‐reactive protein (CRP) we prospectively measured CRP by immunoturbidometry in 238 mother‐infant pairs (179 normal vaginal deliveries, 36 cesarean sections and 23 vacuum extractions) at 24 and 72 hours after delivery. We additionally measured CRP in peripheral maternal and neonatal blood immediately after birth in 29 uncomplicated vaginal deliveries. CRP values in the mothers and their offspring were low at birth, but rose significantly during the first day after vaginal delivery. Cesarean section induced a pronounced elevation of maternal CRP, but had no effect on neonatal values. Delivery by vacuum extraction produced a transient elevation of both maternal and neonatal CRP at 24 hours after birth. Neonatal CRP values were not associated with presence or size of superficial birth tissue trauma evaluated simultaneously with blood sampling. Increased CRP release in mothers and their infants after interventions during delivery may be associated with varying degrees of tissue trauma and can complicate assessment of the presence of infect

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349309058160

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY