ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154976

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154977

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The perinatal mortality rate at the Danderyd Hospital during 1968–70 (period I, 9 801 births) was 16 per thousand total births. In spite of inadequate resources for fetal heart rate monitoring, intrapartum mortality formed only 11% of perinatal mortality. Antepartum death constituted no less than 42% of the perinatal mortality. The majority of antepartum deaths occurred before admission to hospital and more than 50% were without congenital abnormality. In spite of being intensive the conventional antenatal care was therefore regarded as poor in predicting retarded, or accelerated fetal growth and twin pregnancies. Therefore the gravidogram system was designed for the supervision of pregnancy by means of graphic comparisons between changes in maternal Symphysis‐fundus (SF) distance, girth, weight and blood pressure, and known normal values. Increases of maternal weight, girth and SF‐distances in 100 uncomplicated term pregnancies (50 nulliparae and 50 multiparae) resulting in normal for dates infants (NFD=mean weight ± 1 S.D. for gestational week in question) are presented as means ± 2 S.D. SF‐distance had the smallest coefficient of variation and was therefore selected as an indirect indicator of fetal growth. SF‐curves for 50 large for dates (LFD) and 50 small for dates (SFD) infants were constructed. Already by the 20th week of pregnancy the SF‐growth curve for LFD‐infants differed significantly from that of NFD‐infants (p<0.0l). The SF‐growth curve for SFD‐infants differed significantly from that of NFD‐infants by the 28th week of gestation (pmean +1 S.D.) 65% of all LFD‐infants were correctly predicted. Similarly when SF‐growth charts were below normal (

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154978

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154979

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154980

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A comparative study concerning the effect of salbutamol and terbutaline in the management of premature labour with intact membranes has been performed. Each group included 34 patients between 27–36 weeks gestation. The drugs used were given by intravenous infusion. Salbutamol arrested labour activity in 33 of 34 patients and terbutaline in 32 of 34 patients. Delivery was postponed for more than one week in 74% of the patients receiving salbutamol and in 80% of the patients receiving terbutaline. No significant difference in effect was found between the drugs used. The effect was equally good independent of the gestational age. Dilatation of cervix beyond 2 cm was associated with successful treatment (delay of delivery more than one week) in 27% compared to 91% if cervix was dilated 2 cm or less. In 12 patients with ruptured membranes a temporary arrest of labour activity (1–7 days) was obtained in 7 patients, and in 1 patient the delivery was delayed for 6 weeks. In the dosage used an increase in maternal and fetal heart rate was observed, more frequently in the patients receiving salbutamol compared with those receiving terbutaline. No serious side‐effects were observed, neither in the salbutamol nor the terbutaline group. It is concluded that both drugs are well tolerated and effective in the treatment of premature l

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154981

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of salbutamol, a beta‐2‐receptor‐stimulating agent, on the blood flow through the uteroplacental unit was evaluated in the human. Serial placenta scintigrams were analysed quantitatively, after injection of 0.5 mCi Indium‐ 113m, by means of a gamma‐camera connected on line to a computer. The examinations were performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. No sedation was used. Uterine contractions were not present. Salbutamol caused an increase in activity over the placental region, corresponding to a 15% increase in blood volume. The rise time of the initial phase of isotope accumulation (calculated from 5 to 95% of final activity) was prolonged by 100% during salbutamol infusion. As the rise time is proportional to the volume/flow ratio of blood in the uteroplacental region, our data indicate that salbutamol infusion causes a decrease in blood flow in the absence of uterine con

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154982

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In contracted pelvis, moulding of the skull bones is caused by the force of the amniotic fluid pressure and the resistance of the pelvis. In normal labour and abnormal uterine action the moulding of the skull bones is caused by the head to cervix pressure, as has been demonstrated by intra‐uterine tokometry. By contrast, in the contracted pelvis there are no mouldings between the two parietal bones. In breech presentation during the first stage of labour the moulding of the skull bones is explained. by the differing resistance of the various skull bones against the amniotic fluid pressur

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154983

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a retrospective study a group of 137 women with legal abortion in their first pregnancy was compared with a group of 133 women with spontaneous abortion (before 28 weeks) and a group of 129 women who had a delivery (beyond 28 weeks) in their first pregnancy. Three cases of ectopic pregnancy were recorded in the second pregnancy in the legal abortion group, none in the other groups. The delivery group showed the best reproductive performance, while the spontaneous abortion group had the highest frequency of early abortion and the induced abortion group the highest frequency of late spontaneous abortion and premature delivery, and in addition a trend towards earlier spontaneous onset of labour in their second pregnancy. There was a conspicuous decline of the reproductive performance in the third and fourth pregnancy of the induced abortion group and a highly significant increase of the rate of late abortion, compared with the overall rate of late abortion in the department. The induced abortion group showed an increased rate of spontaneous primary and premature rupture of the membranes and also a definite trend towards lower weight of the newborn, especially beyond 41 weeks of pregnancy. There was a close correlation between induced abortion in girls below 17 years of age on the one hand and repeated abortion and/or unmarried state in the second pregnancy on the other. A significant correlation was revealed between early menarche and legal abortion in the first pregnancy and also between early menarche and unmarried state in the first pregnancy as found in a random series of 250 first pregnant women.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154984

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Death certificates for all deaths in Iceland are available since 1911. In this report on maternal deaths, all women who died after the 28th week of pregnancy, during delivery and during the first eight weeks after delivery are included, irrespective of the cause of death. Out of 225 891 women who delivered during the 65‐year period, 321 women died. Maternal deaths per thousand deliveries have declined from 3.89 to 0.09 from the first 5‐year period (1911–1915) to the last 5 years of the observation time (1970–1975). The three main causes of maternal deaths, puerperal fever, haemorrhage and toxaemia, are discussed. Since the new Maternity Clinic at Landspitalinn opened in 1949 it has been the main department for obstetrics and gynecology in Iceland, to which a great majority of complicated cases in pregnancy and delivery are referred. Since 1949, 39411 women have delivered at this department. There have been 15 maternal deaths at the clinic or 0.4 per thousand. A separate table (Table III) shows the age, parity and causes of death in the 15 cases. Maternal deaths in Iceland during the last decade occur in one per 11 000 deliveries. This is a problem of communication as well as a medical

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347709154985

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY