摘要:

Background.Our objective was to investigate the role of hydrogen peroxide in the vasocontraction induced in the human umbilical artery by serotonin.Methods.Umbilical arteries collected from healthy women at term were cut helically and suspended in an organ bath to record isometric mechanical activity. In Study I, we measured the concentration‐contraction response to serotonin with or without pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide (0.01 ˜ 10 μM). In Study 2, vessels were pre‐incubated with L‐arginine (0.1 ˜ 10 mM), or with hydrogen peroxide (10 mM) and L‐arginine (1 mM), then serotonin was added cumulatively. In Study 3, vessels were suspended in a calciuim‐free solution containing potassium chloride 20 mM, and a cumulative concentration‐response curve to calcium chloride (10−5˜ 10−3M) was constructed for vessels pretreated with hydrogen peroxide (10 μM). In Study 4, vessels were pre‐treated with M1, an inhibitor of 5‐HT2serotoninergic receptors, and hydrogen peroxide (10 μM), and then prostaglandin F2α(9.0±10−7M). Finally, we measured the 5‐HT1receptor‐mediated relaxation induced by serotonin.Results.Hydrogen peroxide (1 or 10 μM) significantly potentiated the contractile response to serotonin (p<0.04,p<0.005). L‐arginine (1 or 10 mM) significantly reduced the contractile response to serotonin (p<0.02,p<0.0002). Pretreatment with L‐arginine significantly suppressed the potentiating effect of hydrogen peroxide on the serotonin‐induced contraction. The sensitivity of the arteries to calcium chloride in the presence of hydrogen peroxide did not differ from that in the control group. Pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the 5‐HT, serotoninergic receptor‐mediated relaxation at higher concentrations of serotonin (1.23±10−4M, 2.47±10−4M, 2.47±10−4M).Conclusion.Hydrogen peroxide potentiated the umbilical artery contraction induced by serotonin. This action may be mediat

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054704

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) has an essential role in the mechanism of parturition. IL‐8 induces its effect through specific cell binding receptors. The main purpose of this research was to elucidate the presence of IL‐8 receptors in the gestational tissues and their relation to parturition.Materials and methods.Fetal membranes, placenta, umbilical cord and myometrial samples were collected before the initiation of labor during elective Cesarean sections (n=15). Similar biopsies (except myometrial samples) were also gathered after normal vaginal delivery (n= 15). Immunohistochemical staining for IL‐8 receptors type I and II was carried out for the fresh frozen sections of all samples. Immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated for the stained sections.Results.IL‐8 Receptors type I and II were recognized in the fetal membranes, placenta, umbilical cord and myometrial samples collected from patients before the initiation of labor. The staining of amnion and placentas were found to be more intensified in the samples collected after vaginal delivery compared to those from elective cesarean sections and before initiation of labor.Conclusions.Increased expression of IL‐8 receptors after initiation of labor may indicate that IL‐8 receptors might have a role dur

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054705

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.To examine morphological changes in cervical carcinoma cells after induction of overexpression of wild‐type (wt) p53.Method.A dexamethazone‐inducible wt‐p53 cDNA was introduced into two cervical carcinoma cell lines (TMCC‐1 and ME180) and morphological changes were examined under a phase contrast microscope and following Papanicolaou staining.Results.TMCC‐1 clones obtained by transfection with wt‐p53 gene had an altered morphology especially after induction of p53 expression by treatment with dexamethazone. These changes were characterized by cell flattening, multinucleation, micronucleation, and huge giant cells, yet the parental TMCC‐1 had none of these morphological changes even after treatment with dexamethazone. Similar cellular changes were observed in ME 180 clones obtained by transfection of wt‐p53 gene.Conclusion.On the basis of our observations, we propose that the growth inhibition induced by expression of wt‐p53 in these cervical carcinoma cell lines carrying HPV DNA sequences is not the result of G1 arrest but rather relates to a blockade in the M phase

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054706

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.To study the pulsatility index of the flow velocity waveform of the uterine and umbilical arteries and the fetal aorta in diabetic pregnancy.Methods.Twenty‐four well‐controlled insulin‐dependent pregestational diabetics and 25 healthy pregnant women were studied with Doppler ultrasound on two occasions separated by a one month interval in the third trimester. In the study group, a random blood glucose was sampled at the time of the Doppler examination.Results.At the first Doppler examination the median pulsatility index in the fetal thoracic aorta and in the uterine artery was significantly lower (p<0.01 andp<0.05, respectively) in the diabetic group as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the umbilical and uterine artery pulsatility indices were similar. At the second examination, a significant decrease in median pulsatility index of the umbilical artery and the fetal aorta (p<0.01) and the uterine artery (p<0.05) was observed in the controls whereas no such change occurred in the diabetics. There was no correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin or random blood glucose and pulsatility index values. An increased incidence of neonatal morbidity was noted in the study group.Conclusion.The normal third trimester decline in uteroplacental and fetal placental pulsatility indices was absent in the diabetic group. The pulsatility index was not influenced by blood glucose regul

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054707

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.We tested the effect of patient compliance, fasting plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance test, maternal body constitution, and the method of treatment (diet versus insulin) on the perinatal outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Study Design.A prospective, population‐based study compared the perinatal outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (n=470) (diabetic with regard to the parameters specified above) and a contemporaneous control group (nondiabetic,n=250).Results.The diabetic and control groups were matched in demographic characteristics. Patient compliance reduced the rate of macrosomia (14.4%) and neonatal hypoglycemia (3.4%) but not to the levels of the control group (5.2% and 1.2% respectively,p<0.05). The level of fasting plasma glucose on the oral glucose tolerance test had no effect on perinatal outcome. Intensified (insulin) treatment reduced the rate of macrosomia and large‐for‐gestational age infants in the subgroups with intermediate and high levels of fasting plasma glucose on the oral glucose tolerance test (9.5%/14.2% and 12.2%/24.2% respectively), again not to levels of the control group (5.2%/10.8%). Obese patients were found to have more perinatal complications than lean patients. Intensified (insulin) treatment has proved to be beneficial in terms of reducing the rate of perinatal complications in the obese patients, but not to the corresponding levels of the control group. Such treatment had no effect on the lean patients.Conclusions.Strict control of maternal hyperglycemia and high patient compliance are imperative for an effective reduction of perinatal complication in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. The desired plasma glucose level in the glycemic control of these patients should be further reduced, thus bringing the rate of perinatal complications to that of the normal popul

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054708

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background:Systemic blood pressure is positively related to intraocular pressure. During the third trimester of pregnancy decreased intraocular pressure while increased blood pressure has been reported. After taking into account all those factors that can affect intraocular pressure, the present study investigated whether or not the high blood pressure found in late pregnancy influences the known ocular hypotensive effect of late pregnancy.Subjects and methods.Normotensive subjects in all trimesters of pregnancy and non‐pregnant control groups along with third trimester hypertensive subjects were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer.Results.In the second and third trimester subjects, the mean intraocular pressure was significantly lower than in the non‐pregnant control group. The differences between first and second, first and third, and second and third trimesters of pregnancy were (means.d.) −0.5±1.2 (p<0.05), −1.5±1.7 (p<0.001), and −1.0±2.1 (p<0.01) mmHg respectively. The mean difference between third trimester hypertensive and third trimester normotensive pregnant women was 0.53±1.5 mmHg (p<0.05).Conclusions.With advancing pregnancy, intraocular pressure decreases. The mean intraocular pressures of third trimester hypertensive pregnant women were significantly higher from that of third trimester non‐hypertensives. Knowledge of the normal level of intraocular pressure in various stages of pregnancy may help gla

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054709

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.Since 1950 the perinatal mortality has been significantly higher in Denmark than in Sweden. In 1991 the rate in Denmark was 8.0/1000 deliveries compared to 6.5/1000 in Sweden. An international audit was designed to investigate whether the perinatal death rates in the two countries to some extent could reflect differences in the quality of care, indicated by the numbers of perinatal deaths in categories of potentially avoidable deaths.Material and methods.Medical records of 97% of all perinatal deaths in 1991 in the two countries were analyzed. A new classification focusing on potential avoidability from a health services perspective was elaborated at a Nordic‐Baltic workshop, using the variables: time of death in relation to admission and delivery, fetal malformation, gestational age, growth‐retardation and Apgar score at 5 min.Results.Rates of perinatal deaths of malformed infants (0.00195 and 0.00145) and intrapartum deaths of non‐malformed infants (0.00042 and 0.00019) was significantly higher in Denmark than in Sweden.Conclusion.Application of the Nordic‐Baltic Perinatal Death Classification on perinatal deaths in Denmark and Sweden in 1991 raises the questions as to why the rate of perinatal death of malformed infants is higher in Denmark than in Sweden and whether intrapartum care in Denmark could be i

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054710

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.To assess the relationship in infertile women between endometriosis and luteal phase defects and other infertility conditions.Setting.University Medical School.Design.Case‐control study.Patients.One hundred and seventy‐four infertile women with endometriosis and 174 infertile women without endometriosis, all of them studied by laparoscopy. The inclusion criteria were failure of six cycles of ovulation stimulation or abnormal preliminary study (abnormal pelvic physical, hysterosalpingographic or ultrasound findings).Results.The frequency of out‐of‐phase biopsies (16.1%vs 16.7%) as well as other endometrial abnormalities were similar in endometriosis associated infertility (EAI) and in non‐endometriosis infertility (NEI). Mean progesterone and prolactin levels, as well as the proportion of abnormal progesterone levels (37.4%vs 44.3%) and of hyperprolactinemia (12.9%vs 13.2%) were similar in EAI and NEI. The frequency of uterine myomas was similar in both groups. Sperm characteristics were not better in EAI than in NEI. Higher endometriosis stages were not associated with a higher frequency of the aforementioned conditions.Conclusion.Luteal phase defects, sperm abnormalities and myomas are no more common in EAI than in NEI or in advanced stages of endo

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054711

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background.There are few population estimates of the prevalence of infertility that also include some information about medical conditions and social classification of study objects. This is a study of 4034 out of a total of 5139 (78% of all invited) women in one county of Norway.Methods.All female inhabitants born 1950 to 1952 living in the county were invited to participate in a health screening. The screening comprised a clinical screening and two questionnaires; one about reproductive history and infertility.Results.This survey found permanent primary infertility in 2.6% of the women. Subfertility, as at least one year's delay of pregnancy, was reported by 7.7%. A history of different reproductive problems was associated with impaired fertility. Thirty‐two percent of primary infertile women had a history of PID, 13% had experienced amenorrhea and almost 40% reported premenstrual tension, compared with lower frequencies in women with normal fertility (11.0%, 3.3% and 29.4% respectively).Conclusions.Up to 10% of the female population may experience infertility at one stage in their reproductive career. Clinicians should pay special attention to women presenting any genital or reproductive disorder regarding risks for future fertility impairmen

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054712

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.To describe the variability of reproductive life, from menarche to menopause, in the Geneva female population.Design.Women's Health Survey, 1992‐1993.Setting.Mobile epidemiology unit of a University Hospital.Subjects.One thousand and thirty‐two women aged 30 to 74 years, resident in Geneva, Switzerland.Main outcome measure.Menstrual and reproductive history.Results.A ‘typical’ woman of Geneva has her menarche at 13 years, regular 28 day cycles with 5 days of menstrual flow. She is 26 years old when she first gives birth and has her last baby (which is typically the second) at age 31. She has 37 years of potential fecundity and a natural menopause at age 50. In addition, 11% of the women have tried to be pregnant during two years without success, 67% have ever used oral contraceptives, 20% had a first birth at age 30 or more and 23% were nulliparous. Younger women reported earlier ages at menarche. Women with lower education tended to be a younger age at the birth of her first child.Conclusions.In this first study of the reproductive characteristics of women in Geneva, nulliparity and a late first birth appeared unusually frequent, especially when compared with American or Chinese women. The observed distributions of reproductive history are compatible with the very high incidence rate of breast cancer in the Geneva pop

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349609054713

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY